IMPRESSION OF
XINMIN 新民市檔案館(新民市地方志辦公室)編
IMPRESSION OF
XINMIN 新民市檔案館(新民市地方志辦公室)編
BEAUTIFUL XINMIN CHANGING WITH EACH PASSING DAY
IMPRESSION OF XINMIN Prepatory Committee 主任 馬原 副主任 成員張文哲魏鵬郭浩然鄒存鑫趙振偉張健趙曉林畢雪飛
巴紅山鄧光鄭偉張延青王卉王冬松軒維鐵趙旺
梁勇劉洪志崔天朗張敏李殿偉宋長新
IMPRESSION OF XINMIN Editorial Board 主編 張敏 副主編 董艷玲 圖片編輯 文字編輯 裝幀設(shè)計(jì) 編務(wù) 統(tǒng)籌 封面題字 特別鳴謝 宋長新段佐敏劉旭謝東昊房立唐佳瑩馬百良李春綻黃林劉帥郝雷韓德華王陳晨高影劉旭 南朝明 新民市文化館新民市攝影家協(xié)會(huì)
Impression Of Xinmin
004IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
從遠(yuǎn)古走來的新民,3 萬年前在陶家屯鎮(zhèn)羊草溝村南山就有古人類活動(dòng)。她是遼河這位文化巨匠,在遼河平原繪就的一幅杰出的歷史畫卷。
“新民”一名,源于治所新民屯。清順治年間移民在此形成村落,因所居之民未入旗籍,故稱“民人”,民人所居之地稱民屯,此處民屯晚于其他民屯,故稱新民屯。
1813 年建新民廳,新民屯成為新民地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心和關(guān)內(nèi)外交通要道,并逐漸繁榮,以后升廳為府,改府設(shè)縣,撤縣設(shè)市,皆稱“新民”。
新民的發(fā)展變化令人矚目。她享有全國糧食生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)縣(市)標(biāo)兵、中國蔬菜基地重點(diǎn)縣(市)、全國文化先進(jìn)縣(市)、中國荷花之鄉(xiāng)、遼寧省文明城市標(biāo)兵、
第二批國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化綜合試點(diǎn)地區(qū)等光榮稱號(hào),綜合實(shí)力躋身于全國百強(qiáng)縣(市)行列,被譽(yù)為沈陽“后花園”。
新民的發(fā)展源于厚重資源的底色。一是新民具有優(yōu)越的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢。她坐落在遼河平原腹地,距遼寧省會(huì)沈陽僅 60 公里。東與沈陽市沈北新區(qū)、于洪區(qū)相連;南與
沈陽市遼中區(qū)相鄰;西與錦州市黑山縣接壤;北與沈陽市法庫縣、阜新市彰武縣毗鄰,西北一角與阜新市阜新縣搭界。處在遼西現(xiàn)代化城市群環(huán)抱的新民,成為對(duì)
接各類產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的集散地。二是新民具有肥沃的土地資源優(yōu)勢。她的區(qū)域面積 3318 平方公里,耕地面積 2158.1 平方公里,玉米、水稻和小雜糧,西瓜、蘋果和各
類蔬菜,豬、牛、羊和蛋禽等各類副食產(chǎn)品極其豐富。她的地下蘊(yùn)藏豐富的石油資源,地上共有遼河、柳河、秀水河、養(yǎng)息牧河、蒲河、繞陽河六條河流。水系發(fā)達(dá),
雨量充沛,湖泊、濕地、灘地星羅棋布?,F(xiàn)有林地 73 萬畝,森林保有量近 50 萬畝。天藍(lán)水清,天造地設(shè)。三是新民具有四通八達(dá)的交通優(yōu)勢。她域內(nèi)共有各級(jí)公
路 614 條,公路里程 2655.5 公里,其中村級(jí)公路 166 條,總里程 1079 公里;鄉(xiāng)級(jí)公路 113 條,總里程 906 公里;縣級(jí)公路 14 條,總里程 312 公里;國省干道 7 條,
總里程 325 公里;高速公路 3 條,總里程 114.72 公里;橋梁 614 座,16091 延米。高新鐵路、京沈鐵路、京哈高速鐵路橫貫東西,尤其是京哈高鐵的開通讓新民
跨入京津冀 2.5 小時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)圈。乘飛機(jī)有東北地區(qū)航空運(yùn)輸樞紐——沈陽桃仙機(jī)場,海上運(yùn)輸有大連、錦州兩港依托。良好的交通優(yōu)勢,成為助力新民快速發(fā)展的加
速器。
新民的發(fā)展源于民族精神的傳承。中華民族不屈不撓、自強(qiáng)不息的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng),是助推新民持續(xù)發(fā)展不竭的精神動(dòng)力。一是黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力。“政治路線確定之后,
干部就是決定的因素。 ”新民是農(nóng)業(yè)大縣,改革開放后,新民市一改農(nóng)業(yè)單一的發(fā)展模式,確立了“工業(yè)立市”的指導(dǎo)思想。市委市政府班子雖然換了一屆又一屆,
可“工業(yè)立市”的指導(dǎo)思想始終沒有變,“咬定青山不放松”。發(fā)揮本地優(yōu)勢,依托遼寧新民經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)(沈陽胡臺(tái)新城)、興隆堡溫泉城,優(yōu)化環(huán)境,制造“洼地”;
【前言】 Preface
Impression Of Xinmin
005IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部以上率下,千方百計(jì)招商引資。2020 年,全市實(shí)現(xiàn)億元以上開復(fù)工項(xiàng)目 80 個(gè),全年簽約億元以上項(xiàng)目 91 個(gè),謀劃儲(chǔ)備中央投資項(xiàng)目 187 個(gè),當(dāng)年規(guī)
模以上工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值實(shí)現(xiàn) 100.38 億元,同比增長 15.4%。二是新民人民勤勞智慧。新民物產(chǎn)豐富,風(fēng)光綺麗,鐘靈毓秀,人杰地靈。新民人熱情好客、崇德尚藝,
樸實(shí)勤勞、聰明智慧。譬如 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代初,設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?;a(chǎn)從新民市柳河溝鎮(zhèn)蹣跚起步,面對(duì)一次次失敗,柳河溝鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)民兄弟鍥而不舍,躬行實(shí)踐,
終獲成功。而后,設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)在新民市“烽火燎原”。截至 2020 年底,新民市設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)面積發(fā)展到 16.3 萬畝,種植品種除西瓜、黃瓜、西紅柿等傳統(tǒng)蔬菜
品種外,還富有溫室羊肚蘑、大櫻桃、草莓柿子、蟠桃、油桃、藍(lán)莓、火龍果、北蟲草、花卉等名貴品種。合作化經(jīng)營、網(wǎng)上銷售、數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì),已成為引領(lǐng)新
民市農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新時(shí)尚。三是新民人勇于面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。老子《道德經(jīng)》的開篇語是“道可道,非常道”,而新民人非常明確的是:思路決定出路,格局決定結(jié)果。
2012 年黨的十八大,開啟了中國特色社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的新時(shí)代。人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾成為社會(huì)的主要矛盾。面
對(duì)新形勢和新要求,新民人敏銳捕捉新機(jī)遇,勇敢迎接新挑戰(zhàn),確立了農(nóng)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ),工業(yè)強(qiáng)市,商業(yè)貿(mào)易、教育衛(wèi)生、文化旅游、建筑、交通運(yùn)輸?shù)雀鳂I(yè)融合
發(fā)展的新思路。各業(yè)相互支撐、相互滲透、同頻共振、合力攻堅(jiān),既增強(qiáng)了新民市的綜合競爭力,又提高了新民人的幸福感。
《印象新民》大型彩色畫冊內(nèi)容共分六個(gè)部分:源遠(yuǎn)流長的新民歷史、政通人和的政治生態(tài)、行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、日新月異的城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)、人民至上的社會(huì)事業(yè)、
和諧共生的生態(tài)文明。此書點(diǎn)面結(jié)合,圖文并茂。編輯出版此書的目的是,讓新民人了解新民,從家鄉(xiāng)的發(fā)展變化中感受中國共產(chǎn)黨的英明偉大,中國特色社
會(huì)主義制度的無比優(yōu)越,向中國共產(chǎn)黨建黨 100 周年獻(xiàn)上新民人民的一份厚禮;讓新民人的朋友了解新民,走進(jìn)新民,共同分享新民發(fā)展變化后的喜悅。
“路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮,吾將上下而求索?!?021 年是中國共產(chǎn)黨建黨 100 周年,是實(shí)施“十四五”規(guī)劃、開啟全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國新征程的第一年。勇
于面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的新民人,將“關(guān)山初度塵未洗,策馬揚(yáng)鞭再奮蹄”。在習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想理論指引下,錨定二〇三五年遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo),爭取通過不
懈努力,實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)由農(nóng)業(yè)主導(dǎo)型向工業(yè)主導(dǎo)型轉(zhuǎn)變,建成“兩區(qū)五基地”,即建成新興工業(yè)聚集區(qū)和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化示范區(qū),建成裝配制造基地、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品供
應(yīng)基地、康養(yǎng)文旅基地、電商文旅基地和技能型人才培養(yǎng)基地;建成“三大百億集群”,即造紙包印、醫(yī)藥健康和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品深加工三大集群?;緦?shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)供水、
城鄉(xiāng)掃保、城鄉(xiāng)公交、城鄉(xiāng)電商、城鄉(xiāng) 5G“五個(gè)一體化”,爭創(chuàng)全國鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施示范市、遼寧省三產(chǎn)融合發(fā)展引領(lǐng)市,把新民建成沈陽國家中心城市的
拓展區(qū)、沈陽全面振興新增長極。
新民人堅(jiān)信:玉汝于成,溪達(dá)四海。
《印象新民》編委會(huì)
2021 年 9 月
Impression Of Xinmin
006IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
Xinmin, a county- level city in Liaoning Province.She came from ancient times,when 30,000 years ago, there were ancient human activities at the southern hill of Yangcaogou village
of Taojiatun town on the Bank of Liaohe River. She is just like an outstanding historical picture painted by the cultural giant Liaohe on the Liaohe Plain.
The name \"Xinmin\" came from the governance of Xinmin Tun. During the reign of Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, immigrants formed a village here. Because the people living
here were not registered in the Manchu citizenship (a member of the“Eight Banners” during the Qing Dynasty), they were called \"Min Ren\"(ordinary people). The place where they
lived was called Mintun. This Mintun here was formed later than other Mintuns, so it was called Xin Mintun (means \"New Settlement\") . In 1813, Xinmin Hall was built, and Xinmin
Tun became the political center of Xinmin District and the traffic arteries inside and outside Shanhaiguan, and gradually prospered. From then on,it kept the name\"Xinmin\"when
the Government substituted Xinmin Hall,the County substituted the Government,the City substituted the County.
The development and changes of Xinmin are remarkable. She enjoys quite a lot of honorary titles, such as The National Advanced Food Production County (cities) Pacesetter, China
Vegetable Base Key County (city), The National Cultural Advanced County (city), The Hometown of Chinese Lotus, Liaoning Provincial Civilization City, and The Second Batch
of National New Urbanization Comprehensive Pilot Area, with its comprehensive strength ranking among the National Top 100 Counties (cities), known as the \" Back Garden of
Shenyang\".
The development of Xinmin is due to the background of abundant resources. Firstly, Xinmin has superior location advantages. It is located in the hinterland of Liaohe plain, only
60 kilometers away from Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning Province. The East is connected with Shenbei New District and Yuhong District of Shenyang; It is adjacent to Liaozhong
District of Shenyang in the South; It borders Heishan County, Jinzhou City in the West; It is adjacent to Faku County of Shenyang City and Zhangwu County of Fuxin City in the north
and Fuxin County of Fuxin City in the northwest. Xinmin, surrounded by modern urban agglomeration in western Liaoning, has become a distribution center for the development
of various industries. Secondly, Xinmin has the advantage of fertile land resources. It covers an area of 3,318 square kilometers and 2,158.1 square kilometers of cultivated land. It is
extremely rich in non-staple food products such as corn, rice and minor cereals, watermelon, apples and all kinds of vegetables, pigs, cattle, sheep, eggs and poultry. She is rich in oil
resources. There are six rivers winding on this beautiful land: the Liaohe River, the Liuhe river, the Xiushui River, the Yangximu River, the Puhe River and the Raoyang River. It has
developed water system, abundant rainfall, and lakes, wetlands and beaches scattered everywhere. There are 730,000 mu (a unit of area =0.0667 hectares) of forest land and nearly
500,000 mu of forest land. The sky is blue and the water is clear. Thirdly, Xinmin has the transportation advantage of extending in all directions. There are 614 roads at all levels in
her region, with a highway mileage of 2,655.5 kilometers, including 166 village roads, with a total mileage of 1,079 kilometers; 113 Township highways, with a total mileage of 906
km; 14 county-level highways, with a total mileage of 312km; 7 national and provincial trunk roads, with a total mileage of 325km; 3 expressways, with a total mileage of 114.72 km;
614 bridges, totally 16,091 linear meters. Several High tech railways cross east and west, including Beijing-Shenyang Railway and Beijing-Harbin high-speed railway, and especially,
the opening of Beijing-Harbin high-speed railway has allowed Xinmin to enter the 2.5-hour economic circle of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. The airline service is backed by Shenyang
Taoxian airport, and the sea transportation is supported by Dalian and Jinzhou West Port. Good transportation advantages have become an accelerator for the rapid development of
Xinmin.
It is owing to the inheritance of national spirit that Xinmin has enjoyed such great prosperity. The Chinese nation's fine tradition of perseverance and self-improvement is an
inexhaustible spiritual driving force to promote the sustainable development of Xinmin. Firstiy, it is the CPC's strong and powerful leadership that promotes Xinmin's development.
\"After the political line is determined, the cadre is the decisive factor\". Xinmin is a large agricultural county. After the Reform And Opening up, Xinmin city changed the single
development mode of agriculture and established the guiding ideology of \"building a city by industry\". Although the municipal Party committee and government team changed
from one session to another, the guiding ideology of \"building a city by industry\" has never changed and \"stuck to the green mountains\"(a working principle followed by government
officials in developing the economy). To give full play to local advantages, Xinmin City relys on Dayingzi area and Hutai New Town area of Liaoning Xinmin Economic Development
Zone (Shenyang Hutai New Town), Xinglongbao Hot Spring city, optimizing the environment and creating \"depressions\"; By the end of 2020, the city has obtained 80 projects valued at
【 Preface
】
Impression Of Xinmin
007IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
more than 100 million yuan,as many as 91 projects signed with a contract value of more than 100 million yuan, and 187 central investment projects planned to reserve. In that
year, the total output value of industries above Designated Size reached RMB 10.038 billion, a year-on-year increase of 15.4%. Secondly, the people of Xinmin are industrious
and intelligent. Xinmin City, which is rich in products, boasts beautiful scenery and talented people. Xinmin people are not only hospitable, virtuous and artistic, but also
simple, hardworking, intelligent and wise. For example, the large-scale production of facility agriculture started in Liuhegou Town, Xinmin City in the early 1990s. In the face
of repeated failures, the peasant brothers in Liuhegou town were not discouraged and finally succeeded. Then, facility agriculture \"started a prairie fire\" in Xinmin City. By the
end of 2020, the production area of facility agriculture in Xinmin City had reached 163,000 mu. In addition to traditional vegetable varieties such as watermelon, cucumber
and tomatos, the city abounds with valuable products such as greenhouse morel mushroom, big cherry, strawberry persimmon, flat peach, nectarine, blueberry, dragon fruit,
Cordyceps militaris and flowers. Cooperative operation, online sales and digital economy have become a new fashion leading the rural economic development of Xinmin City.
Thirdly, Xinmin people have the courage to face challenges. Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching begins with \"the Way that can be explained is not the unchanging Way\", and Xinmin people
are very clear that thinking determines the way out, and pattern determines the result. The 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 opened a new era of socialist modernization
with Chinese characteristics. The contradiction between the growing need for a better life and unbalanced and insufficient development has become the main contradiction of
society. Facing the new situation and new requirements, Xinmin people are keen to seize new opportunities and bravely meet new challenges. It has established a new idea of
integrated development of various industries such as commerce and trade, culture and tourism, education and health, urban construction and people's livelihood. All industries
support each other work together and contribute to tackling tough problems, which not only enhances the comprehensive competitiveness of Xinmin City, but also improves
the happiness of Xinmin people.
The contents of the large-scale color album \"IMPRESSION OF XINMIN\" are divided into six parts: the long-standing history of Xinmin, the political ecology of the harmony
between government and people, the steady and far-reaching economic development, the ever-changing urban construction, the social cause of people first, and the ecological
civilization of harmonious coexistence. This book involves a wide range of points and areas, with pictures and texts. The purpose of editing and publishing this book is to let
Xinmin people understand Xinmin more deeply and feel the wisdom and greatness of the Communist Party of China and the incomparable superiority of the socialist system
with Chinese characteristics from the development and changes of their hometown,offer a great gift to the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of
China,and let Xinmin people's friends know about Xinmin,walk into Xinmin,and share the joy of Xinmin’s development and change.
\"The road ahead is long and has no ending; yet high and low I will search with my will unbending.\" 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist
Party of China and the first year of implementing the 14th Five Year Plan and starting a new journey of building a powerful socialist modern country in an all-round way.
The Xinmin people who have the courage to face the challenge will \"Guan shan first dust has not washed ,spur riding whip and then strugging hoofs.\"Under the guidance of
general secretary Xi Jinping's theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we have set the long-term goals to be achieved by the year 2035, striving for the transformation
of the economic structure from agricultural leading to industrial leading through five years of unremitting efforts, and building a \"two zones five bases\", namely, building
new industrial gathering areas and agricultural modernization demonstration zones, and building assembly manufacturing bases, agricultural and sideline products supply
bases, health culture and tourism base, e-commerce culture and tourism base and skilled talent training base; Build \"three 10 billion clusters\", namely paper packaging and
printing, medicine and health and deep processing of agricultural products. Basically realize the \"five integration\" of urban and rural water supply, urban and rural sweeping
and protection, urban and rural public transport, urban and rural e-commerce and urban and rural 5G, strive to create a national demonstration city for the implementation of
Rural Revitalization Strategy and a leading city for the integrated development of three industries in Liaoning Province, and build Xinmin into an expansion area of Shenyang
National Central City and a new growth pole for the overall revitalization of Shenyang.
Xinmin people firmly believe an old chinese saying: \"Difficulty nourishes of greatness; Hone on and on like polishing jade\", and we will finally achieve success.
Editorial Board of IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
September 2021
(譯者:張相明)
Impression Of Xinmin
008IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
Contents
004 013 055 081 151 175 215 238
【前言】
【后記】
源
Impression Of Xinmin
009IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
Contents hapter I
hapter III
hapter IV
hapter V
hapter VI
hapter II
004 013 055 081 151 175 215 238 The Long-standing History Xinmin The Political Ecology The Harmony Between Government People The Steady Far-reaching Economic Development The Ever-changing Urban Construction The Social Cause People First The Ecological Civilization Harmonious Coexistence 【 Preface】 【 Postscript】
Impression Of Xinmin
010IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
Impression Of Xinmin
011IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
遼代新民巴圖營子遼墓出土三彩釉印牡丹雙蝶海棠盤 (局部)
Impression Of Xinmin
012IMPRESSION OF XINMIN 遼濱塔(始建于遼天祚帝耶律延禧乾統(tǒng)十年)
Impression Of Xinmin
013IMPRESSION OF XINMIN
新民市位于遼寧省中部,地處遼西走廊,距沈陽市往西 60 公里處,面積 3318 平方
公里。這里幅員遼闊,地廣土肥,物產(chǎn)豐饒,是鑲嵌在遼河平原上一顆閃亮的明珠。
這里遼河縱貫,既有漁獲之力,又有舟楫之便,不僅扼交通要沖,而且居攻防重地,
為歷朝歷代兵家必爭之地。
新民從歷史走來,傳承著一個(gè)又一個(gè)毋庸置疑的歷史輝煌。據(jù)對(duì)域內(nèi)陶家屯鎮(zhèn)羊草
溝出土文物測定,早在 3 萬年前就有古人類在此活動(dòng)。遠(yuǎn)在五帝時(shí)期,黃帝將天下
分為九州之時(shí),新民即被劃青、冀二州,大禹治水以后分天下為十二州,新民又分
屬營、幽二州。戰(zhàn)國時(shí),新民屬遼東郡,到西漢時(shí)期,新民境內(nèi)開始有縣的建制,
即在今天的前當(dāng)堡鎮(zhèn)大古城子村建立了望平縣,統(tǒng)管遼河?xùn)|廣大地區(qū) 500 多年,而
遼河西屬無慮縣(今北鎮(zhèn)境內(nèi))管轄。三國西晉時(shí),新民地區(qū)改屬平州,到了東晉
十六國時(shí),新民地區(qū)曾先后為鮮卑族所據(jù),到南北朝時(shí)期,新民全境被高麗所據(jù)。
隋煬帝大業(yè)八年(612)設(shè)置遼東郡,治所稱通定鎮(zhèn)(今遼濱塔村)。清康熙初年,
圣祖玄燁首次冬巡駐蹕新民屯。康熙二十一年(1682)設(shè)巨流河巡檢司。嘉慶十八
年(1813),清政府為便于統(tǒng)治,把承德縣(今沈陽)的西部地區(qū)和廣寧縣(今北鎮(zhèn))
的東部地區(qū)劃出,設(shè)新民廳,治所設(shè)在新民屯,屬奉天府管轄。光緒二十八年(1902)
升為新民府,轄鎮(zhèn)安(今黑山)、彰武兩縣。民國二年(1913)改新民府為新民縣。
1948 年 10 月 29 日新民解放,1993 年 6 月 14 日,撤縣設(shè)新民市(縣級(jí)市)。
廣袤的新民大地,物華天寶,遼柳諸河滋潤的新民,人杰地靈。我們的先人在這片
土地上生活繁衍了幾萬年,創(chuàng)造了光輝燦爛的古老和現(xiàn)代文明。諸如從遼濱塔下走
出的盛京三才子之一——喜曉峰,英勇抗日名將高鵬振、耿繼周,以及于新民發(fā)跡
的張作霖、張學(xué)良,現(xiàn)代著名作家馬加、楊大群,全國著名故事家譚振山、楊久清;
諸如遼代的遼濱塔、連接盛京到北京的大御路、鐵道部命名的“人民好車站”;諸
如從明末清初就流傳的新民地區(qū)秧歌舞蹈,到今天別具特色的新民“二人轉(zhuǎn)”……
這些富有傳奇色彩的歷史名人和帶著歷史韻味的風(fēng)物,不僅僅是一個(gè)個(gè)歷史故事,
一種種風(fēng)情景觀,更彰顯的是新民悠久歷史精髓在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的旺盛活力。撫今追昔,
我們不能不為新民宜人的自然風(fēng)光而感慨,不能不為新民輩出的英雄志士所感動(dòng),
更不能不為新民今天的巨大變化而欣喜!
【第一章
】 源遠(yuǎn)流長的新民歷史
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清宣統(tǒng)元年(1909),管鳳和編纂《新民府情況》?!缎旅窀闆r》
分為沿革、疆域、道路、航路、山川、戶口、村鎮(zhèn)、職業(yè)、居留、
衙署、巡警、衛(wèi)生、教育、司法、監(jiān)獄、歲入、歲出、實(shí)業(yè)、貨幣、
交通 20 個(gè)類目。此志采用統(tǒng)計(jì)表形式,補(bǔ)充文字說明。因其統(tǒng)計(jì)
數(shù)字詳細(xì),史料價(jià)值較高。
《新民縣志》于民國十三年(1924),由時(shí)任新民縣知事王寶善監(jiān)修。采用篇章結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)容包括新民地理、區(qū)劃、建置、財(cái)賦、實(shí)業(yè)、
教育、交通、宗教、交涉、慈善、風(fēng)俗、兵事、人物、列女、藝文、物產(chǎn)、古跡、雜志,共十八卷,合訂四冊,是新民市十分珍貴的
歷史文獻(xiàn)資料。
《新民府情況》——宣統(tǒng)元年(1909)
由管鳳和編纂
丙寅年《新民縣志》
《新民縣一般狀況》(1902 年)
【一】《新民府情況》【二】《新民縣志》
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【三】1948年縣政府東院
【五】1941年頒發(fā)的新民縣土地執(zhí)照【六】1958年頒發(fā)的國務(wù)院獎(jiǎng)狀
【四】1948年縣政府西院
歷史篇
Impression Of Xinmin
016IMPRESSION OF XINMIN 【七】清政府在新民設(shè)新民廳
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新民廳、新民府、新民縣——1813 年,清政府建新民廳; 1902 年,升廳為府;民國二年
(1913)改府建縣;1993 年,撤縣設(shè)市。
九一八事變后,侵華日軍對(duì)新民實(shí)施了
嚴(yán)酷的軍事統(tǒng)治,老百姓紛紛逃離家園。
【九】逃難的同胞
【八】民國時(shí)期的新民府市街 【十】民兵團(tuán)三營一連三排烈士老兵日記(節(jié)選)
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清康熙年間,符氏祖先符成璧奉旨旋移遼東,任當(dāng)?shù)匕灼毂?/p>
驍騎校(正六品),后代子孫定居此地,繁衍生息,道光年
間形成村落——鲇魚泡村。
【十一】《符氏族譜》【十二】《符氏族譜》內(nèi)文
【十三】鲇魚泡村村碑
歷史篇
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018IMPRESSION OF XINMIN 【十四】大御路
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據(jù)《新民縣志》記載,清朝以前新民沒有公路,清初始修大御路,東由老邊入境,經(jīng)興隆店、孤家子、巨流河、新民、黃旗堡、柳河溝、白旗堡,西出
繞陽河入黑山界。御路是指皇帝走過的路,黃土鋪路,凈水潑街。清朝入關(guān)后,康熙、乾隆、嘉慶、道光四位皇帝 10 次東巡來回都要經(jīng)過這條大御路,
少則一兩萬人,多則數(shù)萬人?;实蹡|巡一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)就是到沈陽兩陵和新賓赫?qǐng)D那拉城永陵祭祖。當(dāng)年分別在白旗堡(大紅旗)和巨流河設(shè)驛站。遼河
浮橋、疊道、巨流河古城、西佛寺、關(guān)帝廟、火神廟、清真寺都是清帝東巡時(shí)留下的古代建筑遺址。“居高聲自遠(yuǎn)”,御路文化對(duì)新民文化的形成、發(fā)展、
壯大起到深遠(yuǎn)的歷史作用。
Impression Of Xinmin
019IMPRESSION OF XINMIN 【十五】永安橋碑 【十六】巨流河城新建城垣碑文
歷史篇
大御路上永安橋(清代修筑) 碑文:巨流河城新建城垣,周圍共計(jì)陸
佰零捌丈。乾隆四十六年八月初十日告
竣。承修官巨流河鑲黃旗佐領(lǐng)加二級(jí)記
錄十次林玉柱、奉天府理事通判加四級(jí)
記錄二次諾敏敬立。
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【十七】遼州古城
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【十八】遼河漕運(yùn)
隋大業(yè)八年(612),新置遼東郡于此(現(xiàn)公主屯鎮(zhèn)遼濱塔村),遼天贊三年(924),設(shè)置“遼
濱縣”治所,后又設(shè)置“遼州”治所,達(dá)到水陸暢通、商賈繁榮的鼎盛時(shí)期。金末“貞祐之戰(zhàn)”中,
遭嚴(yán)重破壞。遼州古城原為方形,占地約 11 萬平方米,有南北兩座城門,城墻用土夯成,每面
長 300 余米,現(xiàn)土墻已毀,西北角臺(tái)位置尚存。至今流傳圣帝廟、海神娘娘廟、金馬駒戲嬌娘等
故事。
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巨流河城建造于清崇德元年至崇德六年(1636—1641),原為水軍都督府,康熙二十一年(1682)置巡檢司于此,乾隆四年(1739)由鎮(zhèn)海提督
林玉柱主持重修。該城呈正方形,周長約 1940 米,城墻里石外磚,中夾夯土,高 7.2 米,寬 4.4 米至 5.5 米,辟有三門,東門稱拱固門,南門稱
嘉定門,西門稱永靜門。該城于民國初年仍保存比較完整,后毀于國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭及“大躍進(jìn)”時(shí)期。
【十九】巨流河城西門
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022IMPRESSION OF XINMIN (十一歲前一直在新民府生活)【二十】東北邊防司令長官兼東三省保安總司令張學(xué)良?xì)v史篇(原件曾保存于新民市檔案館)【二十一】1936年西安事變后張學(xué)良將軍手諭
【二十二】日本駐新民領(lǐng)事館【二十三】新民縣公署之新廳舍
1905 年 11 月 15 日,日本駐奉天領(lǐng)事館在新民設(shè)新民分館。
本署新廳舍于 1936 年 6 月 10 日開工修建,10 月 30 日竣工。
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在大連合影
【二十四】1985年8月,郭鞏、肖烈、金連城
四區(qū)六家子鄉(xiāng)大勝包國良騎兵
【二十五】1948年5月10日,縣大隊(duì)在新民 黃坨子等地協(xié)助農(nóng)耕為主體外組織農(nóng)民會(huì)等情況【二十六】1948年5月15日,共產(chǎn)黨軍隊(duì)在新民地區(qū)金
歷史篇
Impression Of Xinmin
024IMPRESSION OF XINMIN 【二十七】中共新民特別支部歷史陳列
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1931 年 11 月 1 日,中共滿洲省委在新民建立了特別支部委員會(huì)。在異常艱苦的環(huán)
境里,新民特支積極發(fā)展黨團(tuán)員,傳播共產(chǎn)主義思想,發(fā)動(dòng)組織群眾,倡導(dǎo)全民抗戰(zhàn)。
以新民特支為戰(zhàn)斗堡壘,一批批進(jìn)步青年和仁人志士,苦苦探尋救亡圖存、保家衛(wèi)
國的光明道路,英勇抗擊日本侵略者的黑暗統(tǒng)治。壯志報(bào)國的紅色信仰,前仆后繼
的英雄壯舉,使新民特支的星星之火,迅速形成燎原之勢。
抗日救國軍司令,打響東北民眾抗戰(zhàn)第一槍。原名高青山,字云翔,號(hào)競雄,化名
蘇云祥、高德山,報(bào)號(hào)“老梯子”,1897 年出生于黑山縣朝北營子村。1917 年于
新民文會(huì)中學(xué)畢業(yè),創(chuàng)作了抗日義勇軍誓詞歌《起來起來》:“起來!起來!不愿
做亡國奴的人們……”這首軍歌以及東北抗日義勇軍的英勇壯舉,也被看作是國歌
的精神和形象源頭。
1931 年 9 月至 1937 年 6 月,高鵬振率領(lǐng)抗十次,消滅敵人 500 多人,喚醒了遼西地區(qū)1945 年 8 月 15 日,日本宣布無條件投降,高鵬振
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抗日義勇軍“冒著敵人的炮火前進(jìn)”,同日偽軍戰(zhàn)斗幾
區(qū)的抗日意識(shí),展現(xiàn)了赤膽忠心的家國情懷。
1932 年 1 月 4 日晚,耿繼周率領(lǐng)抗日義勇軍攻打新民縣城。
新民日偽政權(quán)瓦解。 抗日義勇軍整裝待發(fā)。
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水牛頭骨化石
據(jù)考證,約 3 萬年前,新民市陶家屯鎮(zhèn)羊草溝村南山就有古人類活動(dòng)。他們使用打
制而成的具有北方小石片特征的刮削器、尖刃器、石核等工具進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)生活。在距
離南山約 2.5 公里的東蛇山子鎮(zhèn)荊家房申村的遼河岸邊和興隆堡鎮(zhèn)長山子村的遼河
岸邊,發(fā)現(xiàn)的同時(shí)代的水牛頭骨化石、披毛犀胸椎和腰椎骨化石等文物,豐富了這
一時(shí)代考古的內(nèi)容,勾勒出一幅舊石器時(shí)代晚期新民地區(qū)人類與自然和諧共生的美
麗畫卷。
最早以張家屯鎮(zhèn)偏堡子村命名的偏堡子文化,是東北地區(qū)新石器時(shí)代晚期的一項(xiàng)重
要考古成就。以早期青銅文化為主的高臺(tái)山文化和公主屯后山青銅文化遺址,對(duì)研
究遼河流域新石器時(shí)代至青銅時(shí)代文化有著重要意義。
目前中國文物地圖志標(biāo)有新民區(qū)域內(nèi)不同時(shí)代不同時(shí)期的文化遺址 119 處。其中,
國家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位一處:高臺(tái)山遺址;遼寧省文物保護(hù)單位 4 處:公主屯后山
遺址、遼濱塔、清代柳條邊和現(xiàn)代革命文物“中共新民特別支部舊址”;沈陽市文
物保護(hù)單位 7 處:清真寺、大石獅子遺址、南王崗遺址、高荒地城址、白屯城址、
巨流河城址、日本駐新民領(lǐng)事館舊址。
這些文化遺址是遼河流域文化的重要組成部分,既豐富了遼河文明的內(nèi)涵,也為研
究中華文明的發(fā)展進(jìn)程提供了豐富的考古學(xué)依據(jù),同時(shí)也為新民這塊古老而神圣的
土地尋找到了歷史文化根脈。
1.1
【一】舊石器時(shí)期
文物篇
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1.2
披毛犀胸椎和腰椎化石
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【二】石器時(shí)期
陶家屯鎮(zhèn)羊草溝南山發(fā)現(xiàn)的石器
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深腹罐高25cm口徑23cm腹徑25.6cm底頸9.4cm
【三】新石器時(shí)期
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【四】青銅器時(shí)期
四系壺新民市高臺(tái)山墓葬出土 夾砂紅褐陶新民市高臺(tái)山墓葬出土
4.1 4.2
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夾砂紅陶新民市高臺(tái)山墓葬出土
4.3
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【五】遼代時(shí)期
三彩釉印牡丹雙蝶海棠盤新民巴圖營子出土
5.1
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石獅茵鎮(zhèn)新民公主屯遼州古城址出土 磚雕菩薩造像新民遼濱塔地宮出土
5.2
5.3
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龍舟形金簪新民巴圖營子遼墓出土
(局部)(局部)
5.4
【五】遼代時(shí)期
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八角形銀塔新民遼濱塔地宮出土
(局部)(局部)
5.5
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【五】遼代時(shí)期
(局部)(局部)
獅鈕蓮花三足銅香爐新民遼濱塔地宮出土
5.6
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葫蘆鈕三足銅香爐新民遼濱塔中宮出土
5.7
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【五】遼代時(shí)期
三彩釉印牡丹紋高座盤新民巴圖營子遼墓出土
5.8
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長頸曲流銅凈瓶新民遼濱塔中宮出土
龍首云紋銀珠幡新民遼濱塔地宮出土
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Impression Of Xinmin
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【五】遼代時(shí)期
白釉瓷瓶新民柳河溝鎮(zhèn)張家溝子村遼墓出土
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Impression Of Xinmin
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【六】宋代時(shí)期
影青花口高足碗新民遼濱塔地宮出土
文物篇
Impression Of Xinmin
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【一】新民清真寺
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新民清真寺始建于清乾隆三十年(1765),與沈陽清真南寺、錦州清真寺、開原清真寺并立為遼寧省四大清真古寺。新民清真寺初建時(shí)僅是一座土坯房,
同治年間被農(nóng)民起義戰(zhàn)火燒毀,光緒年間重修,將土坯房改為磚木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑。1978 年市、縣政府撥款再次將寺內(nèi)主體殿宇等建筑修葺一新。如今的寺
院坐西朝東,占地面積為 2673 平方米,主要建筑有前廈、拜殿、遙殿、南北配房等。建筑門額之上懸有古匾,題有“惟精惟一”“正己正人”“萬古
獨(dú)一”“誠意敬心”字樣(清末留駐奉天的總兵左寶貴親題),將中國傳統(tǒng)文化與伊斯蘭教義相結(jié)合,規(guī)勸信徒,導(dǎo)人向善。
拜殿謝東昊
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Impression Of Xinmin
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1905 年 11 月設(shè)立日本駐新民領(lǐng)事館?,F(xiàn)存日本駐新民領(lǐng)事館建于 1926 年,1948 年新民縣委成立后作為縣委機(jī)關(guān)辦公之用,是近現(xiàn)代新民僅存的保
存完好的日式建筑,是日本侵華的歷史見證。
1985 年列入新民縣文物保護(hù)單位。
2020 年列入沈陽市第五批文物保護(hù)單位。
日本駐新民領(lǐng)事館舊址文化館提供
【二】日本駐新民領(lǐng)事館
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Impression Of Xinmin
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【三】新民遼濱塔
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遼濱塔位于新民市公主屯鎮(zhèn)遼河
與秀水河交匯處,為遼代古塔,
始建于遼代天祚帝耶律延禧乾統(tǒng)
十年(1110)。
遼濱塔高約 44 米,為八角十三
層密檐塔,由塔座、塔身、塔檐
和塔剎四部分組成。塔檐上懸有
銅制風(fēng)鈴上百個(gè),至今仍鈴音清
脆。 遼濱塔地區(qū)是古代著名的遼
河渡口和交通要塞,也是歷代軍
事重鎮(zhèn),為兵家必爭之地。
1988 年,遼濱塔被列為“沈陽
市 文 物 保 護(hù) 單 位”;2003 年,
被列為“遼寧省文物保護(hù)單位”;
2014 年,遼濱塔旅游區(qū)被沈陽
市評(píng)為“文明誠信單位”。
遼濱塔——局部
遼濱塔——局部遼濱塔——修復(fù)前
遼濱塔——修復(fù)后
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小塔子位于新民市城區(qū)東北 35 公里的東蛇山子鎮(zhèn)小塔子村北
小山上。塔為石砌,高約 8 米。塔身八面九級(jí),每級(jí)均有石
刻蓮花座,座上有佛像,像上有突出石檐。相傳蒙古旗人以
鐵鏈系塔頂,用數(shù)十頭牛拉,僅將塔頂拉斜,但終未拽倒。
據(jù)傳,清光緒年間,一天深夜,山上忽然燈火輝煌,人聲鼎沸,
至天明塔已倒,塔石羅列于小山上。民國十八年(1929),
當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娂Y依式重建,毀于 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代。 【四】新民小塔子
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Impression Of Xinmin
046IMPRESSION OF XINMIN 【五】文廟大成殿【六】相亭學(xué)校遺址篇
文廟,坐落于新民市城南新民師范路。光緒十一年(1885), 李
如栢等人鑒于縣城諸多生員需赴承德應(yīng)考之不便,決定向朝廷請(qǐng)
建學(xué)宮,并同時(shí)興建文廟及文昌閣。經(jīng)官府同意后,學(xué)宮于光緒
十三年(1887)施工修建,建有大成殿三間,奉祀孔子及孔子五代。
文廟東建文昌閣,奉祀文昌木主。 民國三年(1914)八月,頒定
祀孔典禮,改文廟為孔子廟。
相亭學(xué)校舊址位于新民市高臺(tái)子鎮(zhèn)腰高臺(tái)
子村,建筑為白色二層磚石結(jié)構(gòu)。該校由
彭賢(字相亭)募捐出資興辦,1921 年正
式啟用。學(xué)校分為小學(xué)部、中學(xué)部(含高
中),地下室有自來水、暖氣鍋爐,大禮
堂懸掛張學(xué)良題寫的匾額,校內(nèi)有銅鼓樂
隊(duì)及各種運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)備。學(xué)校設(shè)有董事會(huì),面
向全國厚資招聘教師,借鑒蔡元培“北大”
教學(xué)模式,辦校 10 年培養(yǎng)了大批人才,
民國時(shí)期許多地方官員出自該校,享譽(yù)省
內(nèi)外。1931 年九一八事變后學(xué)校停辦,現(xiàn)
為高臺(tái)子鎮(zhèn)政府所在地。