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主編周寧之 喻新輝編委 秦 怡 謝照春
(代序)
一日之計在于晨。
晨，是一個柔和的音節(jié)，更是一個清新的世界。
萬物從曦光里醒來，云霞從層巒疊嶂間升起，綠葉間響起清脆的鳥鳴，草葉上閃著晶亮的露滴。
一切都是剛剛開始，時間泛著簇新的光。
那“早上八九點鐘的太陽”的光，正灑向綠樹紅墻的高樓，灑向凌霄花開的走廊，灑向每一扇啟開的門窗，和窗前那些或稚氣、或青春的面龐。
城市街巷，抑或山間水濱，凡有學校的地方，都向世界傳出瑯瑯書聲。
瑯瑯書聲里，有朗朗乾坤。因此，每一所學校，都有大地上最美的晨光。
由是，那些流轉千年的經典文字，在嶄新的晨光里發(fā)出了悅耳的、年輕的聲響。
晨光里失去這樣的聲響，教育又何以稱之為生命的
沒有弦歌的學校是沉悶的，而沒有朗讀的教室是空洞的。
二
在漢語教學中，歷來以“書聲瑯瑯”形容學習氣氛之濃，朗讀被視為有效的學習方法。在英語學習中，朗讀也是非常有效的學習方法。
朗讀好處多，好英語是“讀”出來的。
堅持朗讀，能促進我們深入理解文章、理解文本和書籍，加深印象。因為在朗讀時，不是看一個單詞讀一個單詞，而是首先要去理解整句話、揣摩整篇文本。眼看詞句，口讀音調，耳聽讀音，腦思語義，要求眼、口、耳、腦整體并用，做到“眼先到、腦思考、口讀好”。朗讀者只有全心投入，邊讀、邊理解、邊記憶，才能達到讀的效果。堅持朗讀，大腦就會變得靈敏好用，記憶力、注意力等學習能力就能得到提高。
堅持朗讀，能夠提高對英語的敏感度，培養(yǎng)英語的語感，不斷增強語言能力，有助于我們真正從根本上掌握英語。英語與母語學習一樣，要在朗讀中培養(yǎng)語感；語感養(yǎng)成了，聽說讀寫才會輕松搞定。持之以恒的朗讀訓練能幫助學習者練出一口標準的、流利的英語口語。
在朗讀過程中，文字變成了聲音，并且伴之以節(jié)奏、韻律、形象、情感，使人進入了一種美的藝術體驗。每篇文章、每本書籍都有著“詩”的美，都有著作者美的靈感，而大聲朗讀，可以將這種美表現出來。
在朗讀過程中，朗讀者的情感和情緒可以最廣泛地調動起來；名篇佳作的音韻美、節(jié)奏美、氣勢美，只有在朗讀中才能真正感受到；文章的起、承、轉、合，只有在朗讀中才能深刻地體會到。當一個人能夠抑揚頓挫、情感飽滿地朗讀時，也就把自己的理解和感情讀出來了。
讀出聲、讀出情、讀出味，讀出英語的美。
讀經典、頌經典、習經典，讓經典文字發(fā)出最美聲音！
文字是美妙神奇的精靈，字里行間躍動著優(yōu)美的節(jié)奏和韻律。
朗讀吧，讓我們讀出生命精彩！
朗讀吧，享受文字的美麗，享受讀書的快樂！
愿我們所有的學生，在英語朗讀中越讀越快樂。愛上朗讀，愛上英語。
愿我們所有的學生，在教師的引導下養(yǎng)成大聲、大膽、大方朗讀的習慣，持之以恒地堅持朗讀，養(yǎng)成英語朗讀習慣，形成有效的朗讀策略，讓朗讀真正成為學好英語的助推器。
讓朗讀成為一種習慣。這種好習慣將會伴隨一生，為以后的自我學習提升打下一個堅實的基礎。所以，從今天做起，向著目標進發(fā)吧！
三
我們越是意識到朗讀之于英語的意義，就越應當建立真正的晨讀課程。
毋庸諱言，長期以來，我們對于“晨讀10分鐘”的誦讀內容并不曾有過整體規(guī)劃、內容選擇和體系化建構，更多的晨讀還未曾進入課程的視野，更未被當教學來看待。
更有甚者，一些英語教師自身也還缺乏朗讀的示范和指導能力，朗讀的興趣也并未整體上得以激發(fā)，朗讀能力的提升也缺乏便捷的檢測方式。
鑒于此，我們策劃了這一套“晨讀10分鐘”叢書。
本叢書編寫團隊集結了大學、中學、小學的名師，整合了英語學者、教研員與教學名師的多方智慧，特別是擔任各年級的主編者，均是飲譽湖湘乃至全國的著名特級教師、正高級教師，他們都有著豐富的英語教學經驗與深厚的英語專業(yè)底蘊。
他們的情懷和專業(yè)，值得期待，也值得信賴。
說它是叢書，其實也是產品；說它是產品，其實也是服務；說它是服務，其實也是一套以朗讀教學范式構建的整體解決方案。
一是同步性。我們本著“源于教材、寬于教材”的選文原則，以群文主題對應教材的單元主題，同步凸顯學生的接受心理與成長規(guī)律，以實現人文一體、課內外打通。
二是經典性。考慮“晨讀10分鐘”的場景特點，所有選文都具有短小精悍、文學經典、音韻和諧的特點，選文凸顯出鮮明的朗讀特色。
三是指導性。所選經典篇目均由名家朗誦配音，文字與音頻結合，線上和線下互動。
四是整體性。支撐本叢書的是四個相關的產品服務體系，即朗讀教學的資源體系、朗讀教學的示范體系、朗讀活動的拓展體系和朗讀能力的智能檢測體系。
Topic 1 Festivals and Customs (1)
Week 1
The Spring Festival /3
Week 2
The Celebration of the New Year /9
Topic 2 Festivals and Customs (2)
Week3
The Tradition and Features of Chinese Cuisine /17
Week 4
American Food /22
Topic 3 Literary Works
Week5
Selections from Records of the Historian /29
Week 6
Summary of The Old Man and the Sea /34
Topic 4 Environment and Environmental Protection (1)
Week7
From Hundred-plant Garden to Three-flavor Study /41
Week8
How Do Plastic Bags Affect Our Environment? /46
Topic 5 Environment and Environmental Protection (2)
Week9
a Releases Yangzte Environmental Protection Pla
Week 10
The Red Moon /58
Topic 6 Natural Disasters and Prevention
Week 11
The Dujiangyan Irrigation System /65
Week 12
The Great Chicago Fire, 1871 (Chapter） 1 /70
Topic 7 Internet and Network Age
Week 13
Heritage Crafts Thrive in Digital Era /77
Week14
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet /82
Topic 8 Scientists, Scientific Discovery and
Scientific Spirit
Week15
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (Excerpt) /89
Week 16
Li Shizhen /94
參考答案 /98
Festivals and Customs (1)
Week 1
春節(jié)期間，全國各地會舉行各種慶賀新春的活動，活動帶有濃郁的地域特色。這些活動以除舊布新、驅邪鑲災、祭祀先祖、納福祈年為主要內容，形式豐富多彩。春節(jié)的起源蘊含著深邃的文化內涵，承載了豐厚的歷史文化底蘊。
The Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is the original New Year Festival in lunar calendar?. It falls on the lst day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (1600 - 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice? to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one. Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the {12th} lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are New Year's Eve and the first three days. People attach great importance to the New Year's Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious? than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", “yu" and “doufu" mean auspiciousness?, abundance and richness. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the government officially adopted? universal calendar, and renamed the Lunar New Year as the Spring Festival. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.
The festival still weighs heavily on people's minds, and its traditions are mostly inherited? by people up-to-date. Firstly, people give the family reunion the special attention, and all the separated family members would get back home. People buy new clothes, gifts, a lot of food and delis, and prepare a sumptuous “New Year's Eve reunion feast". Secondly, people decorate their houses, by hanging up the red-paper couplets, paper-cuts and New Year folk paintings on their doors, windows and walls. The Chinese character “fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the “reversed f u^{ ,} is homophonic with “fu comes", both being pronounced as “ fudaole". What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuts can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall. The red and colorful decorations constitute a thick festive atmosphere everywhere. In the evening, people begin to set off firecrackers. It is said, the Chinese word "nian", literally meaning “year", was a kind of ancient killer ghost, which would be frightened by the explosions of firecrackers and run away. Usually the intensive? and explosive? sound of firecrackers could create the utmost glowing atmosphere of festival. The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. Thirdly, people pay mutual visit to offer best wishes and say good luck of the coming New Year, especially, the young generation would go to elderly family to send respects to them.
賞析
在寫作時，為了體現事件發(fā)生的先后順序，可以采用表示時間順序的詞,常用的是 first、then、next、finally、afterwards、primarily 等。
此外,還可以根據先后順序分類，采用一些其他的單詞或短語作為時間節(jié)點的標記詞，如：
首先:first、firstly、in the first place、in the first instance、first of all、 first off、(the） first thing、above all、for one thing、for a start、to start with、to begin with;
其次: second、the next、secondly、in the next place、moreover、 secondary;
然后:then、afterwards、after that、afterward;
最后:final、last、ultimate、eventually、lastly、finally、in conclusion、 in the end、to wind up with;
綜上:in summary、 in conclusion、 in a word、to sum up.
拓展
一、仿寫
1. The festival is still weighting heavily on people's minds, and its traditions are mostly inherited by people up-to-date.
仿寫：The （風俗）is still weighting heavily on people's minds, and its （活動）are mostly inherited by people up-to-date.
2. Secondly, people decorate their houses, by hanging up the red-paper couplets, paper-cuts and New Year folk paintings on their doors, windows and Walls.
仿寫:Secondly, people celebrate the new year, by (給予祝福），and （給紅包）.
3. It is said, the Chinese word “nian", literally meaning “year", was a kind of ancient killer ghost, which would be frightened by the explosions of firecrackers and run away.
仿寫:It is said, the Chinese book Yi Jing, literally meaning The Book of Changes,is （中國文化中最重要的財 富), which is read by many scholars.
二、思考
怎樣用英語來定義“nian"?
Week 2
在西方國家，盡管圣誕節(jié)才是最大的節(jié)日，但新年在人們心目中仍占有不可替代的重要地位。除夕（NewYear'sEve）的晚會是慶祝新年到來必不可少的活動。西方各國的人們都喜歡在歡快的樂曲和絢麗的光彩中喜氣洋洋地度過一年的最后一個夜晚。
The Celebration of the New Year
The celebration of the New Year is the oldest of all holidays. It was first observed in ancient Babylon about 40o0 years ago. In the years around 20o0 BC, Babylonians? celebrated the beginning of a new year on what is now March 23, although they themselves had no written calendar.
Late March actually is a logical? choice for the beginning of a new year. It is the time of year that spring begins and new crops are planted. January 1，on the other hand,has no astronomical? noragricultural significance. It is purely arbitrary①.
① Babylonian /babrlaunian/ n ． an inhabitant of ancient Babylon or Babylonia 巴 比倫人 ? logical /lpd3ikl/ adj. In a logical argument or method of reasoning, each step must be true if the step before it is true.邏輯的（觀點或推理方式） ③ astronomical /estranomikl/ adj．relating to astronomy天文學的 \circled{4} arbitrary /a:bitrari/ adj. If you describe an action, rule, or decision as arbitrary, you think that it is not based on any principle,plan, or system. 隨意的
day had its own particular mode of celebration, but it is safe to say that modern New Year's Eve festivities pale in comparison.
The Romans continued to observe the New Year on March 25, but their calendar was continually tampered with by various emperors so that the calendar soon became out of synchronization? with the sun.
In order to set the calendar right, the Roman senate, in 153 BC, declared January 1 to be the beginning of the New Year. But tampering continued until Julius Caesar,in 46~BC , established what was come to be known as the Julian calendar. It again established January 1 as the New Year.
Other traditions of the season include the making of New Year's resolutions?. That tradition also dates back to the early Babylonians. Popular modern resolutions might include the promise to lose weight or quit smoking. The early Babylonian's most popular resolution was to return borrowed farm equipment.
The Tournament of Roses Parade dates back to 1890. In that year, members of the Valley Hunt Club decorated? their carriages with flowers. It celebrated the ripening of the orange crop in California.
Although the Rose Bowl football game was first played as a part of the Tournament of Roses in 1902, it was replaced by Roman chariot① races the following year. In 1916, the football game returned as the sports centerpiece of the festival.
The tradition of using a baby to signify the New Year was begun in Greece around 60o BC. It was their tradition at that time to celebrate their god of wine, Dionysus, by parading a baby in a basket, representing the annual rebirth of that god as the spirit of fertility. Early Egyptians also used a baby as a symbol of rebirth.
Although the early Christians denounced the practice as pagan?, the popularity of the baby as a symbol of rebirth forced the Church to reevaluate its position. The Church finally allowed its members to celebrate the New Year with a baby, which was to symbolize the birth of the baby Jesus.
The use of an image of a baby with a New Year's banner as a symbolic representation of the New Year was brought to early America by the Germans. They had used the effigy? since the fourteenth century.
賞析
在閱讀一個話題如有關“節(jié)日”的文章時，我們可以積累與這個話題相 關的詞塊,如 the celebration of the New Year、it was first observed in、in the years around、 celebrated the beginning of a new year、 had no written calendar、logical choice for、on the other hand、has no astronomical nor agricultural significance、 purely arbitrary、 became out of synchronization with the sun、 declared January 1 to be the beginning of the New Year。 這 些詞塊讓我們可以整體打包遷移語言搭配,減輕記憶負擔,將其靈活運用到 新語境的寫作之中。
拓展
一、仿寫
1. In the years around 2000 BC, Babylonians celebrated the beginning of a new year on what is now March 23, although they themselves had no written calendar.
仿寫:In the years around AD 618， Tang Dynasty celebrated the beginning of itself, although （它還非常弱 小)。
2. It is the time of year that spring begins and new crops are planted.
仿寫:It is the time of year that （開始 制定新年計劃).
3. In order to set the calendar right, the Roman senate, in 153~BC ? declared January 1 to be the beginning of the New Year.
仿寫:In order to interview the Red Army, Edgar Snow, declared (他將拜訪毛主席).
二、思考
怎樣用英語來定義“節(jié)日”？
