絕密★啟用前

2014年全國碩士研究生招生考試

英語 (一)

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2014年英語(一)試題 第1頁(共14頁)

SectionI UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemory

andmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan?tremember 1

weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance?sname,orthenameof

anoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain 2 ,werefertotheseoccurrencesas

“senior moments.” 3 seeminglyinnocent,thislossof mentalfocuscan

potentiallyhavea(n) 4 impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal 5 .

Neuroscientists,experts who studythe nervoussystem,areincreasingly

showingthatthere?sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It 6 outthatthebrain

needsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental 7

cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive 8 .Thinkingisessentiallya 9

ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto 10 in

makingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited. 11 ,becausethese

connectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecan

expandandfluctuate 12 mentaleffort.

Now,anew Web-basedcompanyhastakenitastep 13 anddevelopedthe

first“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregain

theirmental 14 .

TheWeb-basedprogram 15 youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryand

attentionskills.Theprogram keeps 16 ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailed

feedback 17 yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it 18

modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto 19 onthestrengthsyouare

developing—muchlikea(n) 20 exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincrease

resistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.

2014年英語(一)試題 第2頁(共14頁)

1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why

2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses

3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While

4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure

5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook

6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures

7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations

8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion

9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process

10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature

11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However

12.[A]accordingto [B]regardlessof [C]apartfrom [D]insteadof

13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around

14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility

15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows

16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace

17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on

18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually

19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take

20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar

SectionⅡ ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

2014年英語(一)試題 第3頁(共14頁)

Text1

Inorderto “changelivesforthebetter”andreduce “dependency,”George

Osborne,Chancellorofthe Exchequer,introducedthe “upfront worksearch”

scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejob

search,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit—andthenthey

shouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywait

forthejobseeker?sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingfor

work,notlookingtosignon,”heclaimed.“We?redoingthesethingsbecausewe

knowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintowork

faster.”Help? Really? Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,

tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,complete with “reforms”toanobviously

indulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofind

work,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,was

hiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspending

andensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting:youdon?tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasongin

yourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerous

state.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthat

supportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;you

arenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructurein

yourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythe

billshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployed whatthey wantandthe

answerisalways:ajob.

ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanent

dependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyour

falsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchand

benefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisno

longerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceive

unconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker?s

allowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa “jobseeker”who had no

fundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthrough making national

insurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”

conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70a

week,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

2014年英語(一)試題 第4頁(共14頁)

21.GeorgeOsborne?sschemewasintendedto

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.

[B]encouragejobseekers?activeengagementinjobseeking.

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

[D]guaranteejobseekers?legitimaterighttobenefits.

22.Thephrase“tosignon”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans

[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

[B]toacceptthegovernment?srestrictionsontheallowance.

[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel

[A]uneasy.

[B]enraged.

[C]insulted.

[D]guilty.

25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers?laziness.

[B]Osborne?sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

[C]Thejobseekers?allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

2014年英語(一)試題 第5頁(共14頁)

Text2

Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofany

otherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.Buttherearefew

placeswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesin

Americagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullof

money,temptingever morestudentsto pileintolaw schools.But mostlaw

graduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyofthem insteadbecomethekindof

nuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

Thereare manyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecosts ofalegal

education.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-year

undergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatone

of200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensive

preparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday?saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith

$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatthey

havetoworkfearsomelyhard.

Reformingthesystem wouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensible

ideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgovernthe

professionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallow

peopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitfor

thebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestfor

awould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Students

whodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownership

structureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynot

ownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereis

pressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongthe

regulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthe

pressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecosts

andimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyand

toemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms?efficiency.Afterall,

othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegal

professions.Americashouldfollow.

2014年英語(一)試題 第6頁(共14頁)

26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto

[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.

[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.

27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?

[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.

[C]Pursuingabachelor?sdegreeinanothermajor.

[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.

28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom

[A]lawyers?andclients?strongresistance.

[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.

[C]thesternexamforwould-belawyers.

[D]non-professionals?sharpcriticism.

29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit

[A]bansoutsiders?involvementintheprofession.

[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.

[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.

[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.

30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses

[A]flawedownershipofAmerica?slawfirmsanditscauses.

[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.

[C]aprobleminAmerica?slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.

[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica?slegaleducation.

2014年英語(一)試題 第7頁(共14頁)

Text3

The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prizeisindeed aninteresting

experiment,as AlexanderPolyakovsaid whenheacceptedthisyear?sawardin

March.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticlein

Naturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobel

Prizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfrom

the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These

benefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttouse

theirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

What?snottolike? Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedin

theNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstart

entrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.Thenewawards

areanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycould

distorttheachievement-based system ofpeer-review-led research.They could

cementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewed

research.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewantto

shock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemade

theircareersinresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthow

scienceprizes—bothnew andold—aredistributed.TheBreakthrough Prizein Life

Sciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciences

include.ButtheNobelFoundation?slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhom

muststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodern

research—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenit

comestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,of

course,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewanted

todowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothings

seemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereoffered

one.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscience

ratherthangoelsewhere.Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatis

thecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers?moneytodowithasthey

please.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.

2014年英語(一)試題 第8頁(共14頁)

31.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs?wealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes.

[C]anexampleofbankers?investments.

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit

[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.

[B]thefoundersoftheawards.

[C]theachievement-basedsystem.

[D]peer-review-ledresearch.

33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves

[A]controversiesovertherecipients?status.

[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.

[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.

[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.

34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?

[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.

[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.

[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.

35.Theauthorbelievesthatthenewawardsare

[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.

[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.

[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.

[D]unworthyofpublicattention.

2014年英語(一)試題 第9頁(共14頁)

Text4

“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademy

ofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthe

humanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyin

America.Regrettably,however,thereport?sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureof

thecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.

In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstothe

AAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby “federal,stateandlocal

governments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers”to

“maintain national excellencein humanities and social scientific scholarship and

education.”In response,the American Academyformedthe Commission onthe

HumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission?s51 membersaretop-tieruniversitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellas

prominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.

The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because

representativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupports

fullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmerican

history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital

technologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreased

investmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents?abilityto

solveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingfor

teachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreat

challengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,

internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.

Unfortunately,despite2

1/2yearsinthemaking,“TheHeartoftheMatter”never

getstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleading

collegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica?s

collegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduates whodon?tknowthecontentand

characterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritof

inquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocial

sciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing“progressive,”orleft-liberalpropaganda.

Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretation ofhistoryand

progressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeor

classicalliberalideas—suchasfree marketsandself-reliance—asfallingoutsidethe

boundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.

TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.Yetitsreportmay

wellsetbackreform byobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethat

Congressaskedittoilluminate.

2014年英語(一)試題 第10頁(共14頁)

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor?sattitudetowardtheAAAS?sreport?

[A]Critical.

[B]Appreciative.

[C]Contemptuous.

[D]Tolerant.

37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto

[A]retainpeople?sinterestinliberaleducation.

[B]definethegovernment?sroleineducation.

[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation.

[D]safeguardindividuals?rightstoeducation.

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests

[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory.

[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects.

[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies.

[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages.

39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorsare

[A]supportiveoffreemarkets.

[B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation.

[C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy.

[D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas.

40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter”

[B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter”

[C]TheAAAS?sContributiontoLiberalEducation

[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducation

2014年英語(一)試題 第11頁(共14頁)

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthe

listA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeen

correctlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,

theParthenonin Athens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthe

megalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionsto

thenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedby meansofcareful

searching,while many othershave been discovered byaccident.Olduvai

Gorge,anearlyhominidsiteinTanzania,wasfoundbyabutterflyhunterwho

literallyfellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscameto

lightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.

[B]Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsRené Millionand GeorgeCowgill

spentyearssystematicallymappingtheentirecityofTeotihuac?nintheValley

ofMexiconearwhatisnow MexicoCity.AtitspeakaroundAD600,thiscity

wasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsinthe world.Theresearchers

mappednotonlythecity?svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundreds

ofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.

[C]Howdoarchaeologistsknow wheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhen

thereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground? Typically,theysurvey

andsample (maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodetermine

whereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshave

alsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontain

archaeologicalsites.

[D]Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.Inonecase,

manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCop?n,Honduras,

havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillagesandindividualdwellingsbyusing

aerialphotographsandby makingsurveysonfoot.Theresultingsettlement

mapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthe

citychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCop?ncollapsed.

2014年英語(一)試題 第12頁(共14頁)

[E]Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurvey

methodsandavariety ofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airborne

technologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipment

carriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatlies

beneaththeground withoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasof

interestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.

[F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohave

setouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.Britisharchaeologist

HowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaoh Tutankhamun

existedfrominformationfoundinothersites.Cartersiftedthroughrubblein

theValleyoftheKingsforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.In

thelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEvanscombedantiquedealers?

storesinAthens,Greece.Hewassearchingfortinyengravedsealsattributed

totheancient Mycenaeanculturethatdominated Greecefromthe1400sto

1200sBC.Evans?sinterpretationsoftheseengravingseventuallyledhimto

findtheMinoanpalaceatKnossos(Knosós),ontheislandofCrete,in1900.

[G]Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbe

successful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurface

cluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamount

ofdiggingtotestforburied materialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.

Archaeologistsalso maylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesas

groundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,and metaldetectors.Archaeologists

commonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoand three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations,

illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.

41. ? A ?42. ? E ?43. ?44. ?45.

2014年英語(一)試題 第13頁(共14頁)

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthings

tothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,

sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodo

withthesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpression

ispurelyandexclusively physical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanent

coexistenceof metaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthof

music.(46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwe

candoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.

Beethoven?s importance in music has been principally defined by the

revolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailing

conventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawillto

breakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asin

thelastpianosonata.In musicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbythe

weightofconvention.(47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,anda

courageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,let

alonetheperformance,ofhisworks.

Thiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementfortheperformersof

Beethoven?smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,for

exampleintheuseofdynamics.(48)Beethoven?shabitofincreasingthevolume

withanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage

wasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.

Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnot

interestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelarger

questionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.(49)Especiallysignificantwas

hisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilities

oftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.

Beethoven?smusictendsto movefrom chaostoorderasiforder werean

imperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingor

ignoringthedisordersthatplagueourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,

animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.Itisnotby

chancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,

butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.(50)Onecould

interpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,but

thecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.

2014年英語(一)試題 第14頁(共14頁)

SectionⅢ Writing

PartA

51.Directions:

Writealetter ofabout100 wordstothe president of your university,

suggestinghowtoimprovestudents?physicalcondition.

Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200 wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyour

essay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

相 攜

2014年考研成功英語(一)真題答案詳解

SectionI UseofEnglish

本文節(jié)選自2012年10月23日的“MedicalDaily”網(wǎng)站,原題目為“Explanation:HowBrain

TrainingCanMakeYouSignificantlySmarter”(解說:大腦訓(xùn)練如何使你更聰明)。

第一段:提出問題。人到中年大腦功能退化并指出了退化帶來的不利影響。

第二段:分析問題。指出了影響大腦功能的兩個(gè)因素———遺傳和鍛煉。

第三段:舉出具體事例。一家網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司研發(fā)了一套大腦訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目并指出這套項(xiàng)目的作用。

?Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstartto

noticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhat

theyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan?tremember(1)where

we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old

acquaintance?sname,orthenameofanoldbandweused

tolove.Asthebrain(2)fades,werefertotheseoccurrences

as“seniormoments.”(3)Whileseeminglyinnocent,thisloss

ofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)(4)damaging

impacton ourprofessional,social,and personal (5)

wellbeing.

一到中年,很多人開始發(fā)現(xiàn)他

們的 記 憶 力 和 思 維 清 晰 度 大 不 如

前。我們突然記不起剛才把鑰匙放

在(1)哪了,也記不起老相識(shí)的名字

或者曾經(jīng)熱愛的樂隊(duì)的名字了。由

于大腦(2)退化,我們把這類事件稱

為“瞬間性老年癡呆”。(3)雖然 表

面看似無害,但這種大腦注意力的

喪失可能會(huì)對(duì)我們的職業(yè)、社交和

個(gè)人(5)幸福產(chǎn)生(4)有害影響。

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

1.[A]where在哪 [B]when何時(shí) [C]that那個(gè) [D]why為什么

本題考查連詞辨析。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,空格后的從句中主謂賓齊全;從句意看,remember后面

的賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的副詞,意為“不記得把鑰匙放在什么地

方了”。故答案選 A 項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:賓語從句本身已有時(shí)間狀語amomentago,因此 when語義重復(fù),故排除 B項(xiàng);

that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)只起到引導(dǎo)詞的作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,可省略,但此處的賓語從句

中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,故排除 C項(xiàng);why表因果關(guān)系,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,填入空格處意為“忘記剛

剛放鑰匙的原因”不符合語境,故排除。

2.[A]improves改善 [B]fades衰退

[C]recovers恢復(fù) [D]collapses倒塌,突然倒下

本題考查上下文詞義辨析。上文說到“我們突然記不起鑰匙放在哪了,也記不起老相識(shí)和樂

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·1·

隊(duì)的名字了”以及下文的seniormoment(瞬間性老年癡呆)都可以推測(cè)出此處是大腦“衰退”

的意思。故答案選 B項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:前文都是在描述有關(guān)記性不好的方面,結(jié)合空格后提到的seniormoments可知,

填入的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)表否定含義,故排除 A 項(xiàng)和 C 項(xiàng);collapses意為“倒塌,突然倒下,完全垮掉”,

填入空格處表達(dá)程度過重,故排除 D項(xiàng)。

3.[A]If如果 [B]Unless除非 [C]Once一旦 [D]While雖然

本題考查語義邏輯。前一句提到“表面看來沒什么”,后一句則說的是精神注意力的喪失帶來

的影響。從句意可以看出,上下兩個(gè)小句的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是讓步轉(zhuǎn)折。故答案選 D 項(xiàng) While

“雖然,盡管”。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:A 項(xiàng)和 B項(xiàng)都表示條件關(guān)系;C項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間,指某事發(fā)生后或在某事發(fā)生的那一

刻起,接下來怎么樣。三者均引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,但沒有表讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,故排除。

4.[A]uneven不公平的 [B]limited有限的

[C]damaging有害的 [D]obscure模糊的

本題考查語義邏輯題。從thislossofmentalfocus中的loss一詞可以看出,此處應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇

“消極的”影響,故 C項(xiàng)damaging“有害的”最符合句意。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:A 項(xiàng)填入空格處表示精神不集中可能給職業(yè)、社交和個(gè)人的某方面帶來“不均衡

的”影響,但根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知,文中并沒有體現(xiàn)三者的影響是否均衡,故排除;B項(xiàng)填入空

格處意為“有限的影響”不符合語境,故排除;D 項(xiàng)意為“不易看清的;難懂的,費(fèi)解的”,與

impact搭配不當(dāng),故排除。

5.[A]wellbeing幸福 [B]environment環(huán)境

[C]relationship關(guān)系 [D]outlook 前景,展望

本題考查語義邏輯。本句探討的是精神注意力的喪失對(duì)職業(yè)、社交、個(gè)人三方面帶來的有害

影響?？崭袼诰湎氡磉_(dá)的意思為,如果精力無法集中,我們的事業(yè)、社交和個(gè)人 會(huì)受

到影響。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,wellbeing與professional,social,personal同時(shí)搭配更貼切,且最能

表現(xiàn)出我們受影響的方面。故答案選 A 項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng) 分 析:精 力 無 法 集 中 不 會(huì) 影 響 社 交 “環(huán) 境”或 社 會(huì) “前 景”,故 排 除 B 項(xiàng) 和 D 項(xiàng);

relationship意為“關(guān)系”,精力無法集中會(huì)影響社交“關(guān)系”的表述過重,不如 wellbeing符合

語境,故排除 C項(xiàng)。

?clarity[?kl?r?ti]

【詞義】n.清晰(度)

【例句】Clarityofdictionisvitalforapublicspeaker.

【句意】發(fā)音清晰對(duì)演說家來說是至關(guān)重要的。

? acquaintance[??kwe?nt?ns]

【詞義】n.熟人;相識(shí)

n.了解;知道

【詞根】acquaint

【短語】makesb?sacquaintance=maketheacquaintanceof與某人初次見面

onfirstacquaintance初次相見時(shí)

·2· 英語(一)考研成功-2014

【例句】Imadehisacquaintanceataparty.

【句意】我是在一次聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)他的。

? occurrence[??k?r?ns]

【詞義】n.事件,發(fā)生的事

n.發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)

【詞根】occur

【短語】randomoccurrence隨機(jī)事件

【例句】Itismoreamade-upstorythanarealoccurrence.

【句意】那是杜撰的故事,而不是真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件。

?senior[?si?ni?]

【詞義】n.老年人,長(zhǎng)者

adj.年長(zhǎng)的;級(jí)別(或地位)高的

n.(中學(xué)或大學(xué))最高年級(jí)的學(xué)生

【派生詞】n.seniority長(zhǎng)輩

【短語】beseniorto比……年長(zhǎng),年齡長(zhǎng)于……

【例句】Thisisasenioroftheprofession.

【句意】這是一位同行中的老前輩。

?innocent[??n?s?nt]

【詞義】adj.無害的,無惡意的

adj.單純的,天真的;無罪的,清白的

n.涉世不深的人

【派生詞】n.innocence無辜,清白;天真無邪

【短語】innocentof沒有……罪

【例句】Itwasaninnocentdeception,meantasajoke.

【句意】那是個(gè)無傷大雅的騙術(shù),開個(gè)玩笑而已。

? potentially[p??ten??li]

【詞義】adv.可能地,潛在地

【詞根】potential

【例句】Bothoptionscouldpotentiallyresultinlostdata.

【句意】這兩種選擇都可能潛在地導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)丟失。

???????????????????????????????????????????

?Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervous

system,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere?sactuallya

lotthatcanbedone. 難句 It(6)turnsoutthatthebrain

needsexercisein muchthesamewayourmusclesdo,

andtheright mental (7)workoutscan significantly

improveourbasiccognitive (8)functions.Thinkingis

essentiallya (9)processof makingconnectionsinthe

越來越多的 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)專家

表示,其實(shí)可以有許多辦法來解決這

一問題。事實(shí)(6)證明,大腦與我們

的肌肉 一 樣 需 要 鍛 煉,適 當(dāng) 的 腦 力

(7)鍛煉能大幅提高我們基本的認(rèn)知

(8)功能。思考是在腦海中建立聯(lián)系

的(9)過程。某種程度上來說,我們

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·3·

brain. 難句 Toacertainextent,ourabilityto(10)excel

in making the connectionsthat driveintelligenceis

inherited.(11)However,becausetheseconnectionsare

madethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethat

intelligencecanexpandandfluctuate (12)accordingto

mentaleffort.

(10)擅長(zhǎng)在大腦中建立聯(lián)系的能力

是遺傳的,這些聯(lián)系能推動(dòng)智力的發(fā)

展。(11)但是,由于這些聯(lián)系的建立

需要努力和練習(xí),所以科學(xué)家們相信

智商可以擴(kuò)展,并(12)根據(jù)大腦鍛煉

而浮動(dòng)。

?

?

?

?

?

?

6.[A]turns(out)被證明是,結(jié)果是 [B]finds(out)發(fā)現(xiàn)

[C]points(out)指出 [D]figures(out)弄明白

本題考查詞組辨析。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處需要填入與out搭配的動(dòng)詞,充當(dāng)句子的謂語,

后面接that從句。空格前一句提到,神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)專家表示,我們有很多事可以做,而空格后

的that從句“大腦與我們的肌肉一樣需要鍛煉”,可知空格所在句是對(duì)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)專家觀點(diǎn)

的進(jìn)一步詮釋。且Itturnsoutthat…為固定搭配,意為“事實(shí)證明是……”符合文意。故答案

選 A 項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:It是形式主語,指代that引導(dǎo)的主語從句,而findout、pointout、figureout的主

語一般都是人,不宜與It搭配,故排除。

7.[A]roundabouts環(huán)形交叉口,交通環(huán)島 [B]responses反應(yīng),回復(fù)

[C]workouts練習(xí),鍛煉 [D]associations關(guān)聯(lián);協(xié)會(huì)

本題考查詞義辨析和語義邏輯?？崭裎挥谟蒩nd連接的兩個(gè)并列分句中,and前的分句說“大

腦與我們的肌肉一樣需要鍛煉”,空格所在分句在意思上應(yīng)承接前一個(gè)分句。其中,mental在

語義上對(duì)于brain,因此,空格處應(yīng)填入與exercise意思相近的詞。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,workouts

意為“鍛煉,訓(xùn)練”符合語境,且與exercise構(gòu)成近義呼應(yīng)。故答案選 C項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:A 項(xiàng)“環(huán)形交叉口”填入空格處不符合語境,故排除;B項(xiàng)和 D 項(xiàng)填入空格處意為

“腦力反應(yīng)”和“思維聯(lián)系”,在文中均未提及與其相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,故排除。

8.[A]genre種類 [B]functions功能

[C]circumstances環(huán)境,情況 [D]criterion標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

本題考查詞義辨析、語義邏輯。空格所在句意為,正確的大腦鍛煉能有效提高我們基本的認(rèn)

知 。說明,此處填入的詞語既要與improve搭配,又要與cognitive搭配。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可

知,functions填入空格處意為“基本的認(rèn)知功能”符合句意。故答案選 B項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入空格處均不符合文意,故排除。

9.[A]channel途徑,渠道 [B]condition條件

[C]sequence次序,順序 [D]process過程

本題考查名詞詞義辨析和語義邏輯?？崭袼诰湟鉃?思考是在腦海中建立聯(lián)系的 。

此題運(yùn)用排除法即可。根據(jù)常識(shí),思考是一種“過程”,不可能的是“途徑”“條件”或“次序”。

故答案選 D項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入空格處均不符合文意,故排除。

10.[A]persist(in)堅(jiān)持于 [B]believe(in)相信,信任

[C]excel(in)擅長(zhǎng)于 [D]feature(in)起重要作用

·4· 英語(一)考研成功-2014

本題考查詞義辨析?？崭袼诰湟鉃?我們 在大腦中建立聯(lián)系的能力是遺傳的?？崭?/p>

處所填入的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與in構(gòu)成固定搭配,結(jié)合空格所在句的主干abilityisinherited“能力是天

生的”可知,此處應(yīng)表示“我們天生就有擅長(zhǎng)在大腦建立聯(lián)系的能力”。故答案選 C項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入空格處均不符合文意,故排除。

11.[A]Therefore因此 [B]Moreover而且

[C]Otherwise否則 [D]However但是,然而

本題考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞、語義邏輯。前一句提到我們擅長(zhǎng)于在大腦中建立聯(lián)系的能力是遺傳的,而

后一句則說聯(lián)系通過努力和練習(xí)建立起來,科學(xué)家相信智商可以擴(kuò)展和浮動(dòng)。從上下兩句之

間的句意可以看出兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故答案選 D項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:A 項(xiàng)表因果關(guān)系,B項(xiàng)表遞進(jìn)或補(bǔ)充關(guān)系,C項(xiàng)表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系。三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合

文意,故排除。

12.[A]accordingto根據(jù) [B]regardlessof不管,不顧

[C]apartfrom 除了 [D]insteadof而不是

本題考查介詞詞義辨析。空格所在句意為,智力會(huì) 大腦鍛煉而上下浮動(dòng)。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)

容可知,鍛煉大腦是可以推動(dòng)智力的,兩者之間是順序推動(dòng)關(guān)系,即“思維活動(dòng)”是“智力增長(zhǎng)

和波動(dòng)”的條件或依據(jù)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,accordingto意為“根據(jù)”,填入空格處表示智力會(huì)隨

著人為的腦力付出而擴(kuò)展和波動(dòng)。故答案選 A 項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入空格處均不符合文意,故排除。

? neuroscientist[?nj??r???sa??nt?st]

【詞義】n.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家

【詞根】neurotic

【例句】NeuroscientistAvshalom Caspi,thenatKingsCollegeLondon,ledthetwothousand

threestudy.

【句意】當(dāng)時(shí)在倫敦國王學(xué)院工作的神經(jīng)學(xué)家 AvshalomCaspi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了2003年的那個(gè)研究。

?significantly[s?g?n?f?k?ntl?]

【詞義】adv.大幅度地

adv.意味深長(zhǎng)地

【詞根】signify

【短語】significantlydifferent明顯不同

【例句】America?sairlineshavesignificantlyhigherproductivitythanEuropeanones.

【句意】美國航空公司的工作效率比歐洲航空公司要高出很多。

?cognitive[?k?gn?t?v]

【詞義】adj.認(rèn)知(過程)的

【派生詞】adv.cognitively認(rèn)知地

【例句】Linguisticsisanimportantbranchincognitivescience.

【句意】語言學(xué)是認(rèn)知科學(xué)的一個(gè)重要分支。

?toacertainextent

【詞義】在一定程度上

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·5·

【例句】Toacertainextent,it?seasierformentogetwork.

【句意】在一定程度上,男性更容易找到工作。

?fluctuate[?fl?kt?ue?t]

【詞義】vi.(價(jià)格等)波動(dòng),起伏

【派生詞】n.fluctuation起伏,波動(dòng)

【例句】Someinvestorspanicwhenstockpricesfluctuatewildly.

【句意】當(dāng)股票價(jià)格大幅波動(dòng)時(shí),一些投資者便開始恐慌起來。

【精選難句】Itturnsoutthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,and

therightmentalworkoutscansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitivefunctions.

【難句精譯】事實(shí)證明,大腦與我們的肌肉一樣需要鍛煉,適當(dāng)?shù)哪X力鍛煉能大幅提高我們基本的

認(rèn)知功能。

【難句點(diǎn)撥】本句是itturnsoutthat句型,表示“結(jié)果是,證明是”,it是形式主語,真正的主語是

that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。that從句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。in muchthesame

wayourmusclesdo中的do指代的是前面的謂語needsexercise。

主句:Itturnsout

↓turnsout的賓語從句

thatthebrainneedsexercise

↑

↓turnsout的并列賓語從句

↑

方式狀語 定語從句,修飾way

inmuchthesameway← ourmusclesdo

andtherightmentalworkoutscansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitivefunctions

【精選 難 句】Toacertainextent,ourabilitytoexcelin makingtheconnectionsthatdrive

intelligenceisinherited.

【難句精譯】某種程度上來說,我們擅長(zhǎng)在大腦中建立聯(lián)系的能力是遺傳的,這些聯(lián)系能推動(dòng)智力

的發(fā)展。

【難句點(diǎn)撥】句子主干是 ourabilityisinherited。toexcelin makingtheconnectionsthatdrive

intelligence引導(dǎo)的不定式是修飾ourability的定語。thatdriveintelligence則是修

飾connections的定語從句。

Toacertainextent

↓

程度狀語

主句:ourabilityisinherited

↑

不定式作后置定語,修飾ability

toexcelinmakingtheconnections

定語從句,修飾connections

↑

thatdriveintelligence

???????????????????????????????????????????

·6· 英語(一)考研成功-2014

?Now,anew Web-basedcompanyhastakenita

step(13)furtheranddevelopedthefirst “braintraining

program”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveand

regaintheirmental(14)sharpness.

現(xiàn)在,一家新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司(13)

更進(jìn)一步,開發(fā)了一套“大腦訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)

目”,旨在幫助人們改善和重獲頭腦

(14)敏銳性。

?

?

?

?

13.[A]back 后退,恢復(fù)原狀 [B]further進(jìn)一步

[C]aside到旁邊 [D]around環(huán)繞;到處

本題考查副 詞 詞 義 辨 析 和 語 義 邏 輯。從 空 格 后 提 到 的 develpedthefirst “braintraining

program”(開發(fā)了一套“大腦訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目”)可以看出,Web-basedcompany這家公司不只停留在

理論階段,而是采取了“進(jìn)一步”的行動(dòng),故答案選 B項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:A 項(xiàng)填入空格處意為“采取后退的行動(dòng)”,與語境相反,故排除;takeaside意為

“把……待到一邊”,通常指進(jìn)行私下談話,不符合語境,故排除 C項(xiàng);takearound意為“領(lǐng)(某

人)參觀”不符合文意,故排除。

14.[A]sharpness敏銳性 [B]stability穩(wěn)定性

[C]framework 框架 [D]flexibility靈活性

本題考查詞義辨析及語義邏輯?？崭袼诰湟庠诒磉_(dá)braintrainingprogram 的目標(biāo),“旨在

幫助人們提高和重獲大腦的 ”。文章首段中就提到了 mentalclarity“思維清晰度”,且

在末段中還提到了 memoryandattentionskills“該課程可以提高記憶和注意力”,也指的是

“思維清晰度”的 問 題,因 此 推 斷 此 處 應(yīng) 填 入 與 clarity 意 思 相 近 的 名 詞。結(jié) 合 選 項(xiàng) 可 知,

sharpness意為“敏銳度,清晰度”符合語境。故答案選 A 項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:B項(xiàng)和 D項(xiàng)與文中所述的記憶力和思維清晰度減退無關(guān),故排除;C項(xiàng)填入空格

處為 mentalframework“精神框架”,而這一話題在文中并未提及,故排除。

?regain[r??ge?n]

【詞義】vt.重新獲得;恢復(fù)

n.收復(fù);取回

【例句】Agoodnamelostishardtoregain.

【句意】名譽(yù)一失難復(fù)得。

?sharpness[??ɑ?pnis]

【詞義】n.敏銳度,清晰度

n.銳利;嚴(yán)厲

【例句】Hehadtheslicknessbutnotthesharpness.

【句意】他雖巧舌如簧,但機(jī)智不足。

???????????????????????????????????????????

? The Web-based program (15)allows you to

systematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.

Theprogram keeps (16)track of your progress and

這套網(wǎng)絡(luò)項(xiàng)目(15)能系統(tǒng)地

改善記憶力和專注度。而且它會(huì)

(16)跟蹤你的進(jìn)展并(17)對(duì)你的

?

?

?

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·7·

providesdetailedfeedback (17)onyourperformanceand

improvement. Most importantly,it (18)constantly

modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto(19)buildon

thestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)(20)

effectiveexerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistance

andvaryyourmuscleuse.

表現(xiàn)和提高提供詳細(xì)的反饋。更

重要的是,它會(huì)(18)不斷改進(jìn)和加

強(qiáng)你所玩的游戲來(19)強(qiáng)化你正

在 訓(xùn) 練 的 能 力———就 像 是 一 項(xiàng)

(20)有效的日常鍛煉,要求你提高

抵抗力、改變肌肉使用。

?

?

?

?

?

?

15.[A]forces強(qiáng)迫 [B]reminds提醒

[C]hurries催促 [D]allows容許,允許

本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰湟鉃?這套網(wǎng)絡(luò)項(xiàng)目使你 系統(tǒng)的改善記憶力和專

注度,描述的是這套項(xiàng)目的功能。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,allow 意為“允許”,填入空格處意為“能夠

使”符合語境。故答案選 D項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:forceto意為“強(qiáng)迫某人做某事”,而文中沒有體現(xiàn)“強(qiáng)迫”的意思,故排除 A 項(xiàng);

remindsb.ofsb./sth.意為“使想起(類似的人或物)”,remindsb.todosth.意為“提醒某人

做某事”,填入空格處均不符合文意,故排除 B 項(xiàng);hurrysb.todosth.意為“催促某人做某

事”,填入空格處不能表達(dá)項(xiàng)目所產(chǎn)生的效果,故排除。

16.[A]hold控制 [B]track跟蹤,了解

[C]order秩序 [D]pace步調(diào)

本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和語義邏輯?？崭袼诰湟鉃?本項(xiàng)目能 你的進(jìn)展并提供詳細(xì)

的反饋。根據(jù)空格后的并列連詞and及后面發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 providesdetailedfeedback“提供詳

細(xì)的反饋”可知,空格處為反饋的前提,即and前面的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是“了解”進(jìn)展,然后才能反

饋。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,keeptrackof意為“跟蹤/了解/記錄……的動(dòng)態(tài)”符合語境。故答案選

B項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:keepholdof意為“保持對(duì)……的控制,抓住不放”,keeporder意為“保持秩序”

均不符合文意,故排除 A 項(xiàng)和 C 項(xiàng);keeppacewith意為“與……保持同步,并駕齊驅(qū)”,而

keeppace不與of連用,故排除 D項(xiàng)。

17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on

本題考查名詞與介詞的固定搭配?？崭袂疤岬?該項(xiàng)目提供了詳細(xì)的反饋,而反饋的內(nèi)容是

有關(guān)你的表現(xiàn)和提高方面的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,feedbackon…意為“對(duì)/關(guān)于……的反饋”符合

語境。故答案選 D項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:providefeedbackto后面可接sb.,意為“向……提供反饋”,但填入此處語義不

通,故排除 A 項(xiàng);有providesb.withsth.形式,但沒有providesfeedbackwithyour…這種用

法,故排除 B項(xiàng);C項(xiàng)填入空格處意為“為了你的表現(xiàn)提供反饋”語義不通,故排除。

18.[A]irregularly不規(guī)律地 [B]habitually習(xí)慣性地

[C]constantly持續(xù)地,不斷地 [D]unusually不同尋常地

本題考查副詞辨析。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處需要填入一個(gè)副詞,表明前后內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)

系。前一句的結(jié)論是“跟蹤進(jìn)展并對(duì)你的表現(xiàn)和提高提供詳細(xì)的反饋”,后一句說到“改進(jìn)和

加強(qiáng)你所玩的游戲”,而這種改進(jìn)和加強(qiáng)是為了人們的大腦得到更好的訓(xùn)練,而想要達(dá)到成

·8· 英語(一)考研成功-2014

果,就要對(duì)訓(xùn)練的游戲項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行“持續(xù)地”改進(jìn)和加強(qiáng)。故答案選 C項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng) 分 析:空 格 后 提 到 了 routine“常 規(guī) 的”,與 irregularly 表 意 相 反,故 排 除 A 項(xiàng);

habitually意為“習(xí)慣性地”側(cè)重于指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,與文中提到的鍛煉課程所起的作用不符,

故排除 B項(xiàng);unusually意為“不同尋常地”,無法體現(xiàn)逐漸積累的過程,故排除 D項(xiàng)。

19.[A]carry(on)繼續(xù),從事,進(jìn)行 [B]put(on)穿上,增加(體重)

[C]build(on)以……為基礎(chǔ)繼續(xù)發(fā)展 [D]take(on)承擔(dān)

本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和語義邏輯。空格所在句意為,改進(jìn)和加強(qiáng)你所玩的游戲以此來

你正在訓(xùn)練的能力?？崭窈筇岬降摹罢谟?xùn)練的能力”是需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)和提升的。

結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,buildon意為“以……為基礎(chǔ)繼續(xù)發(fā)展”最符合句意。故答案選 C項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:A 項(xiàng)填入空格處意為“繼續(xù)你正在訓(xùn)練的能力”,沒有表達(dá)出能力需要進(jìn)一步提

升的意思,故排除;B項(xiàng)和 D項(xiàng)填入空格處均不符合文意,故排除。

20.[A]risky有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的 [B]effective有效的

[C]idle懶散的,無所事事的 [D]familiar熟悉的

本題考查形容詞詞義辨析和語義邏輯。空格所在句將大腦訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目比喻為常規(guī)的身體訓(xùn)練。

兩者都會(huì)根據(jù)個(gè)人情況調(diào)整難度和鍛煉內(nèi)容。因此,此處的鍛煉效果應(yīng)該是正面的。結(jié)合選

項(xiàng)可知,effective“有效的”最符合句意。故答案選 B項(xiàng)。

干擾項(xiàng)分析:其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入空格處均不符合文意,故排除。

?systematically[?s?st??m?t?kli]

【詞義】adv.系統(tǒng)地,成體系地

【詞根】system

【例句】Iwanttostudymathssystematically.

【句意】我想系統(tǒng)地學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。

? modify[?m?d?fa?]

【詞義】vt.修改,更改

【派生詞】n.modification修改,修正

【例句】Thepolicywasagreedbythecommittee,butonlyinamodifiedform.

【句意】那項(xiàng)政策經(jīng)修改后才獲得委員會(huì)同意。

?resistance[r??z?st?ns]

【詞義】n.抵抗力

n.阻力

【詞根】resist

【例句】Thestrategywasdesignedtoweardowntheenemy?sresistance.

【句意】這一策略旨在逐步削弱敵人的抵抗力。

? vary[?ve?ri]

【詞義】vt.改變,使多樣化

vi.存在不同之處;多變,變化無常

【派生詞】adj.variable變量的;可變的

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·9·

【短語】varyfrom…to… 由……到……不等,情況不同

【例句】Althoughthisisthegeneralapproach,youcanvaryittosomedegree.

【句意】盡管這是常規(guī)方法,但可以在一定程度上改變它。

SectionII ReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

本文節(jié)選自2013 年 6 月 29 日的《衛(wèi)報(bào)》(TheGuardian)。原題目為“New Brutalismat

Westminster”(英國議院的新野蠻主義)。選段主要評(píng)述了英國財(cái)政大臣 GeorgeOsborne為促

進(jìn)社會(huì)再就業(yè)而制定的一項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃。

第一段:GeorgeOsborne提出“前期尋找工作”方案,目的是為了提高人民生活水平,減少其

對(duì)于政府失業(yè)津貼的依賴。

第二段:他提出這一方案的動(dòng)機(jī)及該方案的有效性。

第三段:分析了失業(yè)者的心態(tài)。

第四段:講述了英國現(xiàn)有福利制度的特點(diǎn)。

注:失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度一直是英國社會(huì)保障制度的重要內(nèi)容之一。英國失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)法的突出特點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)

制性,要求除了自雇者、繳納減額保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的已婚婦女和遺孀,所有周收入在58英鎊以上的雇

員必須參加失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度。失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)屬于國民保險(xiǎn)的項(xiàng)目之一,其費(fèi)用同樣由雇主、雇員和

政府三方承擔(dān),不再分項(xiàng)單獨(dú)繳納。但失業(yè)者領(lǐng)取失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)為一年,一年后如繼

續(xù)失業(yè),則改為領(lǐng)取社會(huì)救濟(jì)金。領(lǐng)取失業(yè)津貼者必須在人力服務(wù)委員會(huì)(即職業(yè)介紹機(jī)構(gòu))

登記尋找工作。

?Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce

“dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the

Exchequer,introduced the “upfront work search”

scheme. 難句 Onlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentre

witha CV,registerforonlinejob search,and start

lookingfor work willtheybeeligibleforbenefit—and

thentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.

Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

為了“改善生活”和減少“依賴

性”,英國財(cái)政大臣喬治·奧斯本引

進(jìn)了一項(xiàng)“預(yù)先求職計(jì)劃”。失業(yè)者

只有帶著簡(jiǎn)歷到就業(yè)中心進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上

求職注冊(cè)并開始找工作,才有資格

領(lǐng)取失業(yè)津貼。而后他們應(yīng)該每周

而非每?jī)芍軈R報(bào)求職進(jìn)展。還有比

這更為合理的措施嗎?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

·10· 英語(一)考研成功-2014

21.GeorgeOsborne?sschemewasintendedto

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccessto

benefits.

[B]encouragejobseekers?activeengagementin

jobseeking.

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

[D]guaranteejobseekers?legitimaterighttobenefits.

GeorgeOsborne?s引 進(jìn) 這 個(gè) 計(jì) 劃 的

目的在于

[A]為失業(yè)者獲得福利提供便利。

[B]鼓勵(lì)求職者積極尋找工作。

[C]鼓勵(lì)失業(yè)者自愿做情況匯報(bào)。

[D]保障求職者獲得政府救濟(jì)的合法

權(quán)利。

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

【答案解析】第一段句首Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency”(改善

生活,減少依賴性),registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforwork(到就

業(yè)中心注冊(cè)并開始尋找工作)都詳述了 GeorgeOsborne?s引進(jìn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的目的。

【考點(diǎn)直擊】本題考查大綱關(guān)于閱讀的第二個(gè)考點(diǎn)“理解文中的具體信息”。

【干擾辨析】A、D項(xiàng)是對(duì)文意的曲解,第一段第二句指出“失業(yè)者只有到就業(yè)中心注冊(cè)并開始尋

找工作才能有資格獲得救濟(jì)金”,從這句可以看出新計(jì)劃要強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是領(lǐng)取救濟(jì)金

的條件———積極尋找工作。C項(xiàng)是對(duì)文意的片面理解。

?chancellor[?t?ɑ?ns?l?]

【詞義】n.大臣,首席法官

n.(德國、奧地利的)總理;(大學(xué)的)名譽(yù)校長(zhǎng)

【詞根】chancery

【短語】chancelloroftheexchequer(英國)財(cái)政大臣

【例句】HewasEngland?sworstChancelloroftheExchequer.

【句意】他是英國最糟糕的財(cái)政大臣。

? upfront[??p?fr?nt]

【詞義】adj.預(yù)付的,預(yù)交的

adj.直率的,誠實(shí)的

【短語】upfrontpresentation預(yù)售會(huì)

【例句】Butonbalance,theincentivetoinnovateisgreaterwhereaccessisgrantedmorefreely,

becauseupfrontprofitsaremorevaluable.

【句意】但是總的來說,當(dāng)公司能夠更自由地獲得許可時(shí),創(chuàng)新的誘惑力更大,因?yàn)轭A(yù)付的利益更

有價(jià)值。

?eligible[?el?d??bl]

【詞義】adj.有資格的,合格的,合適的

【派生詞】n.eligibility適任,合格

【近義詞】①adj.適合的,適用的 applicable ②adj.恰當(dāng)?shù)?合適的 appropriate

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·11·

【短語】beeligiblefor有資格的

【例句】Anyoneovertheageof18iseligibletovote.

【句意】任何年滿18歲的人都有資格投票。

?fortnightly[?f??tna?tli]

【詞義】adv.兩星期一次地

【詞根】fortnight

【例句】TheyrecentlyputmyrentupandIpayitfortnightly.

【句意】他們最近漲了租金,我就每?jī)芍芨兑淮畏孔狻?/p>

?reasonable[?ri?z?n?bl]

【詞義】adj.合理的

adj.通情達(dá)理的

【派生詞】adv.reasonably合理地;相當(dāng)?shù)?適度地

【短語】reasonabledesign設(shè)計(jì)合理

【例句】Themanagementtookallreasonablesafetyprecautions.

【句意】管理部門采取了一切合理的安全措施。

【精選難句】OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,

andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit.

【難句精譯】失業(yè)者只有帶著一份個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷到就業(yè)中心進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)求職登記并開始尋找工作,他們

才有資格獲得津貼。

【難句點(diǎn)撥】這是一個(gè)倒裝句。還原為正常的語序是 Theywillbeeligibleforbenefitonlyifthe

joblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstart

lookingforwork。

OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV

↓主句,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

條件句↑

↓并列謂語

registerforonlinejobsearch

↑

↓并列謂語

andstartlookingforwork

willtheybeeligibleforbenefit

???????????????????????????????????????????

?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.There

will now be a seven-day waitfor thejobseeker?s

allowance. “Thosefirstfew days should be spent

lookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,”heclaimed.

“We?redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelp

peoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsget

以下是更顯而易見的合理之處。

求職者領(lǐng)取失業(yè)津貼須等上七天。這

七天應(yīng)用來找工作而不是申請(qǐng)領(lǐng)取失

業(yè)津貼,他說:“這些舉措旨在幫助人

們遠(yuǎn)離失業(yè)救濟(jì)并幫助依靠失業(yè)津貼

生活 的 人 盡 快 找 到 工 作?！睅?助? 當(dāng)

?

?

?

?

?

?

·12· 英語(一)考研成功-2014

into work faster.” Help? Really? 難句 On first

hearing,this wasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,

tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,complete with

“reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that

demandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedto

find work, and subsidises laziness. 難句 What

motivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszeal

for “fundamentalfairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,

controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythe most

deservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

真? 乍一聽,喬治 · 奧斯本真是一位

關(guān)心社會(huì)福祉的財(cái)政大臣,試圖改善

生活,現(xiàn)有的過于縱容的社會(huì)福利體

系對(duì)剛失業(yè)者施加的再就業(yè)壓力不夠,

滋長(zhǎng)了他們的惰性,喬治·奧斯本希望

完成對(duì)這一體系的改革。據(jù)我們的理

解,促使財(cái)政大臣實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃的是他

對(duì)“基本公平”的熱忱———維護(hù)納稅人

利益,控制政府開銷,確保只有最符合

條件的申領(lǐng)者才能獲得失業(yè)津貼。

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

22.Thephrase“tosignon”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans

[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

[B]toacceptthegovernment?srestrictionsontheallowance.

[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

短語“tosignon”(第二段)的

意思是

[A]在就業(yè)中心查看招聘信息。

[B]接受政府關(guān)于津貼的限制。

[C]登記申請(qǐng)政府津貼。

[D]參加政府的工作培訓(xùn)。

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

【答案解析】根據(jù) Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker?sallowance.Thosefirst

fewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon(求職者獲得政府

津貼要等待七天,這七天應(yīng)用來尋找工作而非signon)可以推測(cè)出,signon應(yīng)指的是

申請(qǐng)政府津貼。

【考點(diǎn)直擊】本題考查大綱關(guān)于閱讀的第五個(gè)考點(diǎn)“根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞含義”。

【干擾辨析】其他三項(xiàng)在原文第二段中均未提及,屬于無中生有。

23.What prompted the chancellorto develop his

scheme?

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

是什么促使財(cái)政大臣制定了他的計(jì)

劃?

[A]希望使所有人過更好的生活。

[B]希望保護(hù)失業(yè)者的權(quán)益。

[C]希望給予申請(qǐng)人更豐厚的津貼。

[D]確保對(duì)納稅人的公平的熱忱。

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

【答案解析】根據(jù)題干中的prompt可將答案定位在第二段。Whatmotivatedhim…washiszeal

for“fundamentalfairness”— protectingthetaxpayer(即 推 動(dòng) 他 的 是 對(duì) 公 平 的 熱

忱———保護(hù)納稅人)。題干中的 prompt和選項(xiàng)中的 passion都是原文 motivate和

zeal的同義替代。

【考點(diǎn)直擊】本題考查大綱關(guān)于閱讀的第二個(gè)考點(diǎn)“理解文中具體信息”。

【干擾辨析】A 項(xiàng) 原 文 未 提 及 ,屬 無 中 生 有 。ensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimants

receivedtheirbenefits(確保只有最符合條件的人才能獲得政府津貼)一句可將 B、C

排除。

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·13·

? allowance[??la??ns]

【詞義】n.津貼,補(bǔ)貼,補(bǔ)助

n.零用錢;(收入的)免稅額

【短語】makeallowance(s)(forsb.)體諒(某人)

【例句】Shereceivesamonthlyallowanceof$500.

【句意】她每月收到500美元的津貼。

?indulgent[?n?d?ld??nt]

【詞義】adj.縱容的,放縱的

【派生詞】n.indulgence放縱;縱容 adv.indulgently溺愛地;放任地

【例句】Theyareindulgentparents.

【句意】他們對(duì)子女很縱容。

?subsidise[?s?bs?da?z]

【詞義】vt.資助,給……補(bǔ)貼

【近義詞】vt.為……提供資金 fund

【例句】TheFinnishandBritishgovernmentssaytheywillnotsubsidisenuclearpower.

【句意】芬蘭和英國政府表示,他們不會(huì)對(duì)核電提供補(bǔ)貼。

? zeal[zi?l]

【詞義】n.熱忱,熱情

【派生詞】adj.zealous熱心的,熱情的

【例句】Theyplungedintotheirworkwithimmensezeal.

【句意】他們以極大的熱情投入工作。

?fundamental[?f?nd??ment?l]

【詞義】adj.基本的,根本的

【詞根】fundament

【派生詞】adv.fundamentally從根本上

【短語】fundamentalprinciple基本原則

【例句】Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinfundamentalresearch,notappliedresearch.

【句意】行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖希望科學(xué)家從事基礎(chǔ)性研究,而非應(yīng)用性研究。

?claimant[?kle?m?nt]

【詞義】n.申請(qǐng)人,索賠人,要求者

【詞根】claim

【例句】Theapplicantortheclaimantmayinstitutealawsuitinthepeople?scourt.

【句意】申請(qǐng)人或者申報(bào)人可以向人民法院起訴。

【精選難句】Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthe

better,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittle

·14· 英語(一)考研成功-2014

effortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.

【難句精譯】乍一聽,喬治·奧斯本真是一位關(guān)心社會(huì)福祉的財(cái)政大臣,試圖改善生活,現(xiàn)有的過于

縱容的社會(huì)福利體系對(duì)剛失業(yè)者施加的再就業(yè)壓力不夠,滋長(zhǎng)了他們的惰性,喬治·

奧斯本希望完成對(duì)這一體系的改革

【難句點(diǎn) 撥】本 句 的 主 句 是 Thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor。分 詞 短 語 tryingto

changelivesforthebetter作后置定語,形容詞短語completewith作tryingto…the

better的伴隨狀語,其中含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾system。demands和

subsidises為定語從句的并列謂語。

Onfirsthearing

介詞短語作狀語

→ 主句:Thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor

現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語↓

tryingtochangelivesforthebetter

↑

↓形容詞短語作伴隨狀語

completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystem

定語從句,修飾system

↑

thatdemandstoolittleeffort

介詞短語作狀語↓

fromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness

【精選難句】Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor “fundamental

fairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythe

mostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

【難句精譯】據(jù)我們的理解,促使財(cái)政大臣實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃的是他對(duì)“基本公平”的熱忱———維護(hù)納

稅人利益,控制政府開銷,確保只有最符合條件的申領(lǐng)者才能獲得失業(yè)津貼。

【難句點(diǎn)撥】本句的主干是 Whatmotivatedhim washiszealfor “fundamentalfairness”。we

weretounderstand是插入語。protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingand

ensuring是三個(gè)并列現(xiàn)在分詞短語對(duì)“fundamentalfairness”作解釋說明。thatonly

themostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits是ensuring的賓語從句。

weweretounderstand

↓

插入語

主句:Whatmotivatedhim washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”

三個(gè)并列現(xiàn)在分詞短語對(duì)“fundamentalfairness”作解釋說明

↑

protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuring

ensuring的賓語從句↓

thatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits

???????????????????????????????????????????

?Losingajobishurting:youdon?tskipdowntothe

jobcentrewithasongin yourheart,delightedatthe

失業(yè)很痛苦。你不可能心里唱

著歌,欣喜地認(rèn)為可以從慷慨的 政

?

?

英語(一)考研成功-2014 ·15·