2021 年 7 月
第 42 卷 第 7 期
推 進(jìn) 技 術(shù)
JOURNA L O F PRO PU L S ION TECHNO LOGY
July 2021
Vol.42 No.7
半開(kāi)式富氧補(bǔ)燃混合循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)方案研究 *
劉紅軍
(西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 航天學(xué)院,陜西 西安 710072)
摘 要:針對(duì)未來(lái)航天主發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的應(yīng)用需求,提出了一種燃料供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)采用開(kāi)式循環(huán)、氧化劑供
應(yīng)系統(tǒng)采用分級(jí)燃燒閉式循環(huán)的半開(kāi)式富氧補(bǔ)燃混合循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)方案,綜合分析了這種新型混合
循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)所能達(dá)到的比沖性能,對(duì)比分析了新型混合循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)作為可重復(fù)使用航天運(yùn)載器主發(fā)動(dòng)
機(jī)相比于開(kāi)式循環(huán)和常規(guī)補(bǔ)燃循環(huán)、全流量補(bǔ)燃循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),針對(duì)推力為100t級(jí)的液氧煤油
混合發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行計(jì)算和分析。結(jié)果表明,新型混合循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在主燃燒室壓力 26.5MPa 下,海
平面比沖可以達(dá)到303s,可以以較小的比沖性能損失為代價(jià),實(shí)現(xiàn)渦輪泵介質(zhì)相容、有效提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)
設(shè)計(jì)裕度。
關(guān)鍵詞:液體推進(jìn)劑火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī);混合循環(huán);富氧補(bǔ)燃;系統(tǒng)方案;液氧煤油
中圖分類號(hào):V434+
.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1001-4055(2021)07-1476-07
DOI:10.13675/j.cnki. tjjs. 200685
Scheme Investigation on a Half Open Oxygen-Rich Staged
Combustion Mixture Cycle Rocket Engine
LIU Hong-jun
(College of Astronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)
Abstract: Aiming at the applications for space launch vehicle main engines,a half open oxygen-rich
staged combustion mixture cycle engine scheme,with which an open fuel supply subsystem and an closed oxygen
supply subsystem are applied,is proposed in this paper. The specific impulse performances of this kind of mix?
ture cycle are calculated,and comparing with open cycle,convention closed cycle and full flow closed cycle,its
advantages and shortcomings are discussed from the viewpoint of being used as reusable space launch vehicle en?
gines. The detail system parameters for a 1000kN thrust level liquid oxygen kerosene mixture cycle engine are cal?
culated. The results show that for the new mixture cycle engine,sea level specific impulse can attain 303s under
the main combustion chamber pressure of 26.5 MPa. Meanwhile,its high critical design margin,along with the
compatibility of turbo-pump mediums,can be obtained at the cost of a small loss of specific impulse.
Key words:Liquid propellant rocket engine;Mixture cycle;Oxygen-rich staged combustion;System
scheme;Liquid oxygen and kerosene
1 引 言
實(shí)現(xiàn)航天運(yùn)載器像飛機(jī)一樣的重復(fù)使用一直是
人類追求的目標(biāo),Space X 的垂直起降火箭回收與重
復(fù)使用的方式為航天運(yùn)載器實(shí)現(xiàn)重復(fù)使用開(kāi)辟了一
條新的技術(shù)途徑,但受諸多技術(shù)因素,特別是作為運(yùn)
載火箭心臟的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)的限制,目前所能達(dá)到的
重復(fù)使用次數(shù)有限,且再次發(fā)射周期仍然較長(zhǎng)[1-3]
。
* 收稿日期:2020-09-04;修訂日期:2021-04-16。
通訊作者:劉紅軍,博士,研究員,研究領(lǐng)域?yàn)橐后w火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)。E-mail:Liuhj2019@nwpu.edu.cn
引用格式:劉紅軍 . 半開(kāi)式富氧補(bǔ)燃混合循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)方案研究[J]. 推進(jìn)技術(shù),2021,42(7):1476-1482. (LIU Hong-jun.
Scheme Investigation on a Half Open Oxygen-Rich Staged Combustion Mixture Cycle Rocket Engine[J]. Journal of
Propulsion Technology,2021,42(7):1476-1482.)