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映水藏山-宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2023-9-12 | 雜志分類:文化藝術(shù)
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映水藏山-宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

圖 4 山西大同下華嚴(yán)寺薄伽教藏殿左側(cè)菩薩像圖 5 山西應(yīng)縣佛宮寺第五層左側(cè)菩薩像型的是菩薩頭上的花冠在遼代轉(zhuǎn)變成滿貼金箔的高筒金冠。菩薩的裙式出現(xiàn)了遊牧民族打仗騎獵的護(hù)胯裙和皮革腰帶,護(hù)法的獸吞革帶,縛褲高腰靴,與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的唐遼之際的武將服式如出一轍。明顯地體現(xiàn)出一種印度佛教造像北魏本土化、隋唐中國化、世俗化之後的胡化風(fēng)格。這種多民族風(fēng)格的融合是遼代對印度佛教造像的又一次改造。與佛像相比,菩薩的衣飾顯得更加華麗。衣著繁瑣,從外至內(nèi)依次為披帛、披巾、裳裙、天衣,裝飾佩戴項(xiàng)圈、瓔珞、吊墜、帶飾等。菩薩服飾色彩搭配豐富,採用平塗著色的方式,將兩種對比色一起使用,製造強(qiáng)烈視覺效果,如朱紅色、石青、石綠、藏青色等。如天津薊縣獨(dú)樂寺十一面觀音像造像,觀音頸間戴有項(xiàng)鍊,項(xiàng)鍊上裝飾瓔珞、寶珠、玉墜,華麗非凡。遼金時(shí)期寺院多分佈在遼寧、河北、山西諸省。從遺存至今的遼代佛教造像來看,晉北頗為集中,西安和大同是遼代的佛教中心,也是中國當(dāng)時(shí)北方黃河流域的佛教聖地,其佛教藝術(shù)沿襲唐代風(fēng)格,並結(jié)合遊牧民族尚武的精神,創(chuàng)造出一種健美勻稱的佛教造像樣式,可以稱之為「遼金樣」。菩薩造像以大同華嚴(yán)寺薄伽教藏殿內(nèi)的遼代... [收起]
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映水藏山-宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)
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圖 4 山西大同下華嚴(yán)寺薄伽教藏殿左側(cè)菩薩像

圖 5 山西應(yīng)縣佛宮寺第五層左側(cè)菩薩像

型的是菩薩頭上的花冠在遼代轉(zhuǎn)變成滿貼金箔的高筒金冠。菩薩的裙式出現(xiàn)了遊牧民

族打仗騎獵的護(hù)胯裙和皮革腰帶,護(hù)法的獸吞革帶,縛褲高腰靴,與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的唐

遼之際的武將服式如出一轍。明顯地體現(xiàn)出一種印度佛教造像北魏本土化、隋唐中國

化、世俗化之後的胡化風(fēng)格。這種多民族風(fēng)格的融合是遼代對印度佛教造像的又一次

改造。與佛像相比,菩薩的衣飾顯得更加華麗。衣著繁瑣,從外至內(nèi)依次為披帛、披

巾、裳裙、天衣,裝飾佩戴項(xiàng)圈、瓔珞、吊墜、帶飾等。菩薩服飾色彩搭配豐富,採

用平塗著色的方式,將兩種對比色一起使用,製造強(qiáng)烈視覺效果,如朱紅色、石青、

石綠、藏青色等。如天津薊縣獨(dú)樂寺十一面觀音像造像,觀音頸間戴有項(xiàng)鍊,項(xiàng)鍊上

裝飾瓔珞、寶珠、玉墜,華麗非凡。

遼金時(shí)期寺院多分佈在遼寧、河北、山西諸省。從遺存至今的遼代佛教造像來看,晉

北頗為集中,西安和大同是遼代的佛教中心,也是中國當(dāng)時(shí)北方黃河流域的佛教聖地,

其佛教藝術(shù)沿襲唐代風(fēng)格,並結(jié)合遊牧民族尚武的精神,創(chuàng)造出一種健美勻稱的佛教

造像樣式,可以稱之為「遼金樣」。菩薩造像以大同華嚴(yán)寺薄伽教藏殿內(nèi)的遼代彩塑

最具代表性。遼代帝王從太宗開始都奉佛崇佛,其中表現(xiàn)最為突出的是聖宗、興宗和

道宗,大力扶持佛教,大興佛教文化。在整個社會崇佛風(fēng)氣的影響下,遼代佛教造像

藝術(shù)呈現(xiàn)出一派繁榮的景象。

從有紀(jì)年的地面寺院菩薩像來看,與本尊佛像最為接近者,當(dāng)屬山西大同下華嚴(yán)寺薄

伽教藏殿的遼代大型觀音像,可以看到這一手勢,其胸飾腰結(jié),袖子飄動外翻,呈

立體狀。薄伽教藏殿內(nèi)右側(cè)椽底題有「維重熙七年(1038 年)歲次戊寅九月甲午朔

十五日戊申午時(shí)建」字樣,表明這是一座歷經(jīng)遼末保大之亂後倖存的遼代建築。該殿

內(nèi)現(xiàn)存 31 座彩塑,其中 29 尊是遼興宗在位期間(1031-1055)塑造(另兩尊為明

代作品),整個色調(diào)以墨綠、紅、金為主,梁思成稱其為遼代佛教造像中的精品。有

學(xué)者從現(xiàn)存最早的遼代薄伽教藏殿及其塑像、經(jīng)櫥等遺跡遺物推斷,該寺的營建時(shí)間

當(dāng)在遼聖宗二十二年(1004)以後至遼興宗時(shí)期。其中主佛左側(cè)坐式樣菩薩像(圖 4)

臉圓頰豐,兩眼低垂,體態(tài)自然,仍可見唐代餘風(fēng),在服飾細(xì)節(jié)上均為寶冠高聳,天

衣纏身飄逸垂落,胸飾腰結(jié)華美精緻,雲(yún)肩外形作如意狀。佛像神態(tài)慈祥莊重、風(fēng)格

秀逸,肩寬且肩頭圓潤,著雙領(lǐng)下垂式袈裟,袒胸,內(nèi)著胸衣,腰間繫帶在腹部打結(jié)

自然下垂,衣紋流暢,袖口的衣紋繁縟交錯,又有巾帛搭雙肩經(jīng)前胸兩側(cè)下垂及腿又

上繞小臂,幾經(jīng)宛轉(zhuǎn)垂於蓮臺之下,與腿部衣紋巧妙地融為一體。唐代高高在上、遙

不可及的佛陀,至此以變得平易近人,這是佛教世俗化的具體表徵。除了大同下華嚴(yán)寺,

建於遼開泰九年(1020)的遼寧義縣奉國寺脅侍菩薩、始建於遼道宗清寧二年(1056)

的應(yīng)縣佛宮寺菩薩(圖 5),也可以看出與此像在臉形、髮髻、乃至形體造型上的一

致性。

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圖 6 德國科隆東亞藝術(shù)博物館藏 遼金時(shí)期 菩薩坐像 圖 7 德國科隆東亞藝術(shù)博物館藏 遼代 木雕菩薩坐像 圖 8 紐約大都會博物館藏 宋代 木雕觀音菩薩像

類似此像的大型木雕觀音在海外重要博物館都有收藏。從有

紀(jì)年的單體造像藏品來看,德國科隆東亞藝術(shù)博物館藏的遼

金時(shí)期菩薩坐像(圖 6),高 117 厘米,其手印、衣袖、紋樣、

坐姿,與本像接近。該館所藏的另一尊遼代木雕菩薩坐像(圖

7),衣服樣式繁複,袖尾飛起,身披雲(yún)肩,胸前結(jié)飾層疊,

華麗而富有裝飾性,高 117.5 厘米,也與本像酷似。紐約大

都會博物館所藏的宋代觀音菩薩木雕坐像(圖 8),高 94

厘米,其飄帶、衣紋、乃至面部的表情如出一轍。費(fèi)城藝術(shù)

博物館所藏的宋代木雕菩薩(圖 9),其飛起的袖口和胸前

的瓔珞、項(xiàng)圈等細(xì)節(jié),可資比較?;鹋旚斔囆g(shù)學(xué)院藏的遼

代木雕菩薩坐像(圖 10),頭冠、髮髻、冠飾與本像幾乎一致。

以上這些舉世公認(rèn)的珍稀木雕佛像,皆為本像提供了寶貴的

參照。

142 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

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圖 9 費(fèi)城藝術(shù)博物館藏 宋 木雕菩薩坐像

圖 10 火奴魯魯藝術(shù)學(xué)院藏 遼代 木雕菩薩坐像

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144 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

《法華經(jīng)觀世音菩薩普門品》載:「若有無量百千萬億眾生,

受諸苦惱,聞是觀世音菩薩,一心稱名,觀世音菩薩即時(shí)

觀其音聲,皆得解脫……以是因緣名觀世音?!狗鸾套詽h

代東傳入中原,後秦時(shí)期,鳩摩羅什將法華經(jīng)譯成中文後,

觀世音菩薩之信仰便開始大範(fàn)圍流行中國,唐朝時(shí)期普門

品的流傳已經(jīng)非常普遍。

「觀音」出自梵文 Avalokitesvara,意謂「觀察世間音」,

指觀音循聲救苦、有求必應(yīng)。「大勢至」是指「得無上力」,

代表智慧之力量,而大勢至菩薩能喚醒人們脫離輪回的願

望。「觀世音菩薩」是鳩摩羅什大師的舊譯,玄奘大師新

譯為「觀自在菩薩」,別號圓通大士,以大慈大悲救濟(jì)眾

生為本願。因眾生遇難誦念其號,即時(shí)觀音聲前往救渡,

故名觀世音菩薩。因能觀察一切諸法,無礙自在之意,又

名觀自在菩薩。作為佛教中慈悲和智慧的象徵,觀世音菩

薩無論在大乘佛教還是在民間信仰,都具有極其重要的地

位。觀世音菩薩是過去的正法明如來所現(xiàn)化,雖本已成佛,

卻以其大慈悲心,為度眾生,再輪迴入娑婆世界,在無量

國土中,以菩薩之身到處尋聲救苦,教化凡俗,乃西方極

樂世界阿彌陀佛座下上首菩薩,與大勢至菩薩同為阿彌陀

佛脅侍,被尊為「西方三聖」,以觀世音菩薩為主導(dǎo)的大

慈悲精神,被視為大乘佛教的根本。

觀音菩薩自印度傳入中土,經(jīng)過與華夏文化的長期融合,

唐宋以降,對觀音的崇拜持續(xù)不衰。菩薩在古印度佛教中

為男子形象,流傳到中國後,隨著菩薩信仰的深入人心及

其對世人而言所具有的深切的人情味,便逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為溫柔慈

祥的女性形象。從 9 世紀(jì)開始,中國的觀音菩薩形象呈現(xiàn)

出一種模棱兩可的性別認(rèn)同。這種發(fā)展與佛教文本相吻合,

在這些文本中,菩薩通過神奇地改變性別來展示其性別的

構(gòu)建本性。中國傳統(tǒng)社會中的佛教徒和道教徒都將觀世音

菩薩視為可以幫助他們的女神,特別是當(dāng)他們希望生育兒

子和家庭富裕時(shí)。人們普遍認(rèn)為,這位仁慈的神明為婦女、

兒童和水手提供了特殊的保護(hù)。觀音有多種表現(xiàn)形式。從

唐朝中葉開始,觀音的形象通常包括面部、軀幹和手部的

精緻柔和造型,導(dǎo)致菩薩被視為女性。隨著時(shí)間的推移,

與男性氣質(zhì)相關(guān)的特徵,如鬍鬚不再被描繪,女性形式至

遼代更為流行。晚唐時(shí)立國稱霸北部的遼代契丹民族,女

性聲威顯赫,是遼代統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)中的主角。遼朝歷代皇后多

為蕭氏,許多女性在江山社稷、行軍打仗方面起著不容忽

視的作用,既體現(xiàn)出一種男女平等的遊牧民族社會關(guān)係,

又體現(xiàn)出女性在遼代契丹統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)中的地位。為了向廣大

的庶民階層宣教,佛教教義漸漸與世俗生活結(jié)合,佛經(jīng)故

事被改為民間說唱的評話,佛教邁入世俗化的階段,與百

姓關(guān)係最為親近的觀音菩薩像流行。有的菩薩坐像或雙手

抱膝翹腳,坐在巖石座上,姿勢自在閒適,完全突破了經(jīng)

典儀軌。他們不在是高高在上的菩薩,而是一位耐心傾聽

民間疾苦的人物。其著者,有堪薩斯 - 納爾遜博物館中國

廟宇廳的遼代木雕水月觀音菩薩像(圖 11),雙目下垂,

表情溫雅,散發(fā)著濃鬱的人性氣息,其特點(diǎn)就是女性臉龐,

男性的上身,是向女性觀音的過度時(shí)觀音中性雕像的明證。

古代造像所用材質(zhì),以土木金石為主,其中木質(zhì)造像,雖

出現(xiàn)得最早,卻因容易腐爛損毀,保存難度較大,能存世

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完好的實(shí)屬不易,故能流傳至今者,尤為珍貴。宋遼金造像經(jīng)典首為木雕,

於上敷泥加彩,時(shí)有鑲嵌珠珞、描金者,典雅富麗,而觀音菩薩更是彩繪

木雕的極致發(fā)揮,其造型別開生面,工絕數(shù)代,後無來者,故為後世所珍。

加彩木雕觀音像大多原置放在寺院大雄寶殿主尊背屏的後面,因長期受空

氣濕度、光線、溫度和社會動盪等因素影響,當(dāng)經(jīng)歷歲月流逝,多件彩色

斑駁、剝落、木質(zhì)遭損等,然有幸留存在世的造像,多得歲月之磨練,更

見古拙味。遼金時(shí)期,如此尊般華麗恢宏的彩繪木雕造像廣為見於華北佛

寺,它既有獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格,又受到漢族、契丹、女真等少數(shù)民族的影響,為

世人留下了珍貴的文化遺產(chǎn)?!笩o宋木,不成館」, 所謂「宋木」專指宋

元時(shí)期、山西地區(qū)、單體、大型的木雕藝術(shù)造像,且多爲(wèi)佛教造像。宋元

時(shí)期的木雕觀音造像,因其精美的造型和稀少的數(shù)量,遂被世界各大博物

館競相收藏,如美國紐約大都會藝術(shù)博物館、火奴魯魯藝術(shù)博物館、克利

夫蘭藝術(shù)博物館、堪薩斯城納爾遜和阿金斯藝術(shù)博物館、加拿大多倫多皇

家安大略博物館、英國牛津大學(xué)博物館、英國倫敦維多利亞和阿爾伯特博

物館、法國巴黎吉美國立亞洲藝術(shù)博物館中,一般都以一尊或一組宋元木

雕作為東亞藝術(shù)主館的展覽核心,以為鎮(zhèn)館之寶。

遼代佛教造像設(shè)色華麗沉著,豔而不浮,塑繪融合,瀝粉貼金。遼代衣服

紋樣更加繁密豐富,彩塑衣紋以紅、金、墨綠為主。如此碩大造像,則須

採拼雕,以竹或木質(zhì)榫卯固定。正如其他大型造像一樣,此像由數(shù)段木塊

經(jīng)木釘接合而成,再覆以石膏並在其上以天然色料施加彩繪。從連接處及

背後接榫方孔四周的裂縫亦可一窺木塊組合之處。殘留的紅藍(lán)彩繪依然明

亮,不難想見當(dāng)初的明豔華麗。西布莉·湯姆等在一篇關(guān)於芝加哥藝術(shù)學(xué)

院宋代觀音像的研究論文指出,經(jīng)過廣泛地調(diào)查存世的宋代和其他歷史時(shí)

期的彩繪木雕觀音像,基本可知中國古代對木質(zhì)觀音雕像的彩繪常以白色

為底,膚色淺白。文獻(xiàn)資料印證了調(diào)查得出的結(jié)論,如一幅 12 世紀(jì)宋代

水月觀音繪畫作品的題記說:「聖體為(著色)白色,藏青的髮髻,頭戴

金冠,身著紅色外衣,金項(xiàng)飾、身披銀藍(lán)色袈裟、衣服為紅黃色……」又

如,2014 年中國雕塑展覽目錄中收錄了幾座膚色淺白的觀音塑像。敦煌

莫高窟和山西平遙雙林寺的觀音塑像也展現(xiàn)了淺白的膚色。這些蛛絲馬跡

至少說明一個事實(shí),淺白色層是以前某次不見經(jīng)傳的重修活動的磨損基底。

為了揭開真相,修復(fù)者調(diào)查了幾件流失海外和中國國內(nèi)保存的木質(zhì)觀音造

像文物,有了更多的新發(fā)現(xiàn):一些菩薩面部的毛髮似乎直接畫在紅色的皮

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膚之上,表明紅色是最初設(shè)計(jì)的皮膚顏色。美國普林斯頓

大學(xué)藝術(shù)博物館的另一尊觀音雕塑看起來像是大面積的塗

白,其他色調(diào)的痕跡被掩蓋其下。雖然這些例外還不能證

明「蒼白膚色是不真實(shí)的」,非常有必要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的檢

測和科學(xué)分析,以確定這些不易察覺的顏色是歷史的痕跡,

且符合它們的文化語境——它們確實(shí)提出了一種可能性,

即在不同時(shí)期,其他膚色是合乎常理的,而當(dāng)代人們對於

白膚色的期望可能是基於時(shí)代錯誤、誤解或不完整的物證

下的推斷。

宋遼金時(shí)期的佛寺很少能倖存下來,西京(大同)華嚴(yán)寺

是遼王朝的皇家宗廟,與遼寧奉國寺、河北獨(dú)樂寺並稱為

遼代三大寺院。華嚴(yán)寺作為皇家寺廟的薄伽教藏殿,儲存

著皇家刊刻的國藏《契丹藏》,為佛教的經(jīng)藏殿,殿內(nèi)的

塑像體現(xiàn)的是遼代最高的皇家風(fēng)貌和國家意志,華麗典雅,

勻稱健美。薄伽教藏殿面闊五間,進(jìn)深四間,單簷九脊頂,

正脊兩端矗立著高達(dá) 3 米的琉璃鴟吻。屋頂坡度平緩,出

簷深遠(yuǎn),簷柱顯著升起。殿內(nèi)的佛壇佈局獨(dú)具匠心,在有

限的空間內(nèi),合理有序的排列了 29 尊佛、菩薩、護(hù)法造像,

多尊佛像通身施粉貼金,因歷經(jīng)千年,造像早已褪成古銅

色,但依稀可見朱紅與綠色的衣紋樣式。佛像按尊格主次

逐漸向外,營造了眾弟子圍繞佛祖的壯觀景象。而且每尊

佛與身前菩薩、供養(yǎng)菩薩自成格局,呈「品」字形排列井

然有序,場景十分豐富,引人入勝。下華嚴(yán)寺的經(jīng)櫥和彩塑 ,

具有鮮明的時(shí)代性與地區(qū)性 , 代表了十一世紀(jì)中國建築與

雕塑藝術(shù)的最高水準(zhǔn) , 反映了東北亞地區(qū)佛教建築文化的

最高成就,是燕雲(yún)地域文化與中原文化融合的傑出範(fàn)例。

梁思成先生在《大同古建築調(diào)查報(bào)告》中讚譽(yù)其為「千年

國寶、無上國寶、罕有的國寶」。

本尊珍貴的遼代觀音造像,很可能曾坐落在佛教寺院的巖

石祭壇上,四周環(huán)繞有豐富插圖的壁畫和鍍金雕像。當(dāng)佛

像安放於寺廟中較高位置時(shí),借助視角差異,立像之於抬

頭瞻仰膜拜者呈現(xiàn)完美形體,同時(shí)亦可產(chǎn)生菩薩聆聽世人

祈願之感,其護(hù)佑眾生的神韻自然流露,仰視者莫不感應(yīng)

其救苦拔難之法力。此佛表面仍見礦彩與描金殘跡,從深

雕衣褶、瑰麗佩飾、尚存華彩,可設(shè)想昔時(shí)置滿繪壁畫之

佛寺壇前,立於一眾描金加彩的神祉、羅漢造像之間,栩

栩如真,耀眼輝煌,宛若舞臺佈景般懾人心魄,該是何其

宏偉莊觀!

圖 11 納爾遜博物館藏 遼代 木雕水月觀音像

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宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

收藏高古佛像的大藏家有佛利爾、賽克勒、達(dá)古齋霍明志;經(jīng)營高古佛的大古

董商有戴潤齋、安思遠(yuǎn)、Eskenazi 等。此像原為賽克勒家族所藏,賽克勒的很

多藏品直接來自山中商會和盧芹齋(C.T. Loo,1880-1957)之手。納爾遜博

物館中國廟宇廳的遼代木雕水月觀音像,便是從盧芹齋手中買下。

亞瑟·姆·賽克勒博士 (Dr. Arthur M. Sackler,1913-1987,圖 12) 被稱為「現(xiàn)

代美第奇」,方聞先生曾稱他「是迄今為止全世界,中國古代藝術(shù)品最大最重

要的收藏家」。賽克勒生前輝煌宏偉的藝術(shù)王國,大部分早已進(jìn)入博物館成為

公眾讚歎的對象,同時(shí)也仍有相當(dāng)規(guī)模的藝術(shù)品在拍賣官的小槌下一件一件離

散開來。1994 年 12 月,紐約佳士得的首次「賽克勒中國藝術(shù)品珍藏專拍」,

委託方來自眾多賽克勒家族成員,總成交額高達(dá) 490 萬美元,在當(dāng)時(shí)十分轟動。

本遼代加彩觀音即是當(dāng)年全場估價(jià)最高的明星,而後,此佛像為安(1941-2020)

和戈登·蓋蒂(1933-2015)夫婦(Ann and Gordon Getty,圖 13)珍藏。

戈登·蓋蒂為美國石油大亨兼著名藝術(shù)藏家讓·保羅·蓋蒂(J. Paul Getty,

1892-1976)之子,是古典音樂界的重要人物。安則熱愛科學(xué)和考古,蓋蒂夫

婦結(jié)合雙方的專長(安的犀利眼光和戈登的敏銳聽覺),共同建立的重要裝飾

藝術(shù)及藝術(shù)品珍藏,可謂近半個世紀(jì)以來最矚目的珍藏之一,其位於三藩市大

宅的居所便是最佳明證,夫婦二人在古代和現(xiàn)代之間建立起互相交流的橋樑,

宛如連接亞洲和歐洲的絲綢之路。擁有這些藏品,不但意味著擁有極致罕有的

奇珍瑰寶,更能藉此沉醉於燦爛的人文歷史之中。而保羅·蓋蒂一手籌建的蓋

蒂博物館,由蓋蒂中心博物館(The Getty Center)和蓋蒂別墅博物館(The

Getty Villa)兩處場館構(gòu)成,收藏了歐洲繪畫、繪畫、雕塑、彩繪手稿、裝飾藝

術(shù)等,成為教育中心以及致力於保存古希臘、羅馬藝術(shù)文化的國際重量級博物館。

精彩的千年木佛極為稀罕,即使?fàn)顩r不完美,仍為藏家追捧。例如巴黎佳士得

的金朝木觀音,左手缺掌,右手指頭損壞,兩邊腳掌已毀,天靈蓋更以傾斜角

度整片橫切佚失,仍然引起激烈競投。近十年的市場成交情況略舉一二:

圖 12 亞瑟·姆·賽克勒博士

圖 13 蓋蒂夫婦,攝於 1984 年

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2012 年 12 月 19 日,佳士得巴黎拍場上,一件高 175 厘米的 13 世紀(jì)木雕觀音坐像,估價(jià)為 20 至 30 萬歐元,最終拍到

902.5 萬歐元,創(chuàng)造了中國木雕佛像的最高紀(jì)錄。

2015 年 3 月 17 日,曾安置在安思遠(yuǎn)家客廳中的一件金代觀音木雕像(高 89.5cm),出現(xiàn)在佳士得紐約專場中,當(dāng)時(shí)這

件木雕還出現(xiàn)一個小插曲,在競拍現(xiàn)場,它的胳膊居然掉了下來,但絲毫沒有影響拍賣進(jìn)程,最終以 168 萬美元成交。

2015 年 12 月 12 日,佳士得香港拍賣達(dá)古齋霍明志舊藏的北宋木雕觀音坐像,3500 萬港幣成交。

2016 年 4 月 5 日,香港蘇富比拍賣會上,一件僅 67 厘米高的坐姿宋代木雕菩薩,以 668 萬港幣成交。

2016 年 12 月 14 日,法國著名鞋履設(shè)計(jì)師 Roger Vivier 先生舊藏的宋代觀音坐像木雕彩繪,在佳士得巴黎拍賣場上,成

交價(jià)超過 500 萬歐元。

2017 年 12 月 16 日,巴黎萊克勒拍賣會上,宋代木雕彩繪觀世音菩薩坐像,成交價(jià) 247 萬歐元。2018 年 4 月 2 日,香港

拍賣會 2018 年春拍的「芬氳凝熠:玫茵堂曁私人珍藏中國藝術(shù)專場」上,一尊金至元(十二至十三世紀(jì))木雕彩繪菩薩立

像(Lot 3029,H 142cm),以 760 萬港幣起拍,1500 萬港幣落槌,加傭金 1770 萬港幣成交。

2023 年 6 月 13 日,巴黎邦瀚斯拍賣行的金代木雕水月觀音菩薩坐像(拍品 54,圖 14),於巴黎亞洲藝術(shù)周的中國藝術(shù)

品拍賣專場上重磅亮相,在踴躍競投下以估價(jià) 2.6 倍的金額落槌,連傭金近 259 萬歐元(HKD 2,200 萬)成交。

圖14 巴黎拍賣行 金 木雕菩薩像

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南朝大詩人謝靈運(yùn)(385-433)是中國著名的山水詩人,

也是一位虔誠的佛教徒,他在《佛影銘》中曰:「法顯道人,

至自祇洹。具說佛影,偏為靈奇。幽巖嵌壁,若有存形,容

儀端莊,相好具足。莫知始終,常自湛然。」對於信眾而言,

佛影絕非普通的佛教造像而實(shí)為釋迦真身,拜觀佛影就如同

與佛陀相會,道心因之可傳,這也就是靈奇所在。

此尊木雕觀音像神情安詳,姿態(tài)自然,人物形態(tài)刻畫完美,

毫無做作之感。這位神靈表現(xiàn)出自信的冷靜,完美地表達(dá)了

他對人類苦難的憐憫,並有效地?fù)嵛苛诵判\(zhòng)的靈魂。20 世

紀(jì)著名的藝術(shù)史家喜龍仁(Osvald Sirén,1879-1966)

曾評這樣價(jià)佛教造像:「超越了西方社會生活與藝術(shù)的典範(fàn),

達(dá)到了精神層面的成功和完美的平衡?!柜v足凝視這尊文靜

而典雅的觀音像,帶給人一種明淨(jìng)聖潔的視覺享受和至高無

上的精神享受。這尊歷經(jīng)千年而重現(xiàn)盛世的木雕觀音坐像,

見證了故時(shí)建築、繪畫、雕塑的輝煌結(jié)合,記載著佛教造像

藝術(shù)發(fā)展的點(diǎn)滴,將令藏家、學(xué)者、策展人進(jìn)一步思考這些

罕見的早期大型木雕佛教造像的起源,以及佛像背後寄寓的

東方的佛法世界,浩瀚、神秘、包容萬物眾生,令古人和今

人都為之心醉神迷。

參考文獻(xiàn)

1. 臺北故宮博物院編輯委員會:《海外遺珍·佛像(一)》,臺北:

臺北故宮博物院,1986 年。

2. 臺北故宮博物院編輯委員會:《海外遺珍·佛像(二)》,臺北:

臺北故宮博物院,1990 年。

3. 張明遠(yuǎn)編著:《山西古代寺觀彩塑·遼金彩塑》,太原:山西人民

美術(shù)出版社,2019 年。

4. 金維諾主編:《中國寺觀雕塑全集 1·早期寺觀造像》,哈爾濱:

黑龍江美術(shù)出版社,2003 年。

5. 金維諾主編:《中國寺觀雕塑全集 3·遼金元寺觀造像》,哈爾濱:

黑龍江美術(shù)出版社,2003 年。

6. 孫迪編著:《中國流失海外佛教造像總目錄》,北京:外文出版社,

2005 年。

7. 柴俊澤、柴玉梅:《山西古代彩塑》,北京:文物出版社,2008 年。

8. 柴澤?。骸渡轿魉掠^壁畫》,北京:文物出版社,1997 年。

9. 金申:《佛教美術(shù)叢考續(xù)編》,北京:華齡出版社,2010 年。

10. 齊慶媛:《中國北方地區(qū)宋遼金時(shí)期菩薩像造型分析》,《2012

年北京大學(xué)美術(shù)學(xué)博士生國際學(xué)術(shù)論壇論文集》,頁 70-87。

11. 齊慶媛:《金代與西夏菩薩像造型分析》,《故宮學(xué)刊》,2014 年,

頁 121-153。

12. 林樹中、沈琍:《海外藏中國歷代雕塑》,南昌:江西美術(shù)出版社,

2006 年。

13. 李玉珉:《中國佛教美術(shù)史》,臺北:東大圖書公司,2022 年。

14. 李玉珉:《時(shí)空的對話——中國佛教造像風(fēng)格譜系》,收入《歷

代佛雕藝術(shù)之美》(臺北:臺北歷史博物館,2006 年),頁 26-43。

15. 石 翠(Petra R?sch),Chinese Wood Sculptures of the 11th to 13th

Centuries: Images of Water-moon Guanyin in Northern Chinese Temples

and Western Collections(《11 至 13 世紀(jì)的中國木雕像:華北寺廟及

西方收藏的水月觀音像》),斯圖加特,2007。

16. 西布莉·湯姆等:《觀音的多面性:彩繪菩薩的保護(hù)和背景》,載《中

國博物館》2021 年增刊第 2 期,頁 249-255。

17. 關(guān)野貞、竹島卓譯:《遼金時(shí)期建築與佛像》(《遼金時(shí)代の建

築と其佛像》),龍文書局,1934 年。

18. 金夢:《遼金時(shí)期佛教造像藝術(shù)研究》,內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)院碩

士論文,2022 年。

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Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

印面

An Inscribed Imperial Soapstone 'Huidiji' Seal

Qing Dynasty, Qianlong Period (1736-1795)

清乾隆

壽山石三陽開泰鈕「惠迪吉」御璽

印文:「惠迪吉」

HKD: 2,000,000-2,500,000

USD: 256,400-320,500

234

本拍品印文 故宮博物院藏

弘歷己卯歲朝圖軸上所蓋印文

PROVENANCE | 來源:

A Japanese private collection

日本私人收藏

LITERATURE | 出版:

Qianlong Baosou (Seal Catalogue of Qianlong Period)

《乾隆寶藪》

鈐印紀(jì)錄:《弘歷己卯歲朝圖軸》 故宮博物院藏

7 cm (2 3

/4 in) high

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第165頁

關(guān)於乾隆帝壽山石「惠迪吉」璽

郭福祥

皇帝閑章具有鮮明的時(shí)代風(fēng)格和個人特點(diǎn),與皇帝的思想、心裏、性格有著極為密切的關(guān)係,

在一定程度上成為帝王文化的重要載體??梢赃@樣說,在多種多樣的閑章中,皇帝們獲得了

一塊讓自己的思想放飛並自由馳騁的空間。特別是清代皇帝的閑章,絕大部分得以保存至今,

種類齊全,體系完備。這些閑章從不同側(cè)面勾勒出清代皇帝們自身的性格特點(diǎn)、生活情趣、

文化修養(yǎng)、感情糾葛,成為難得的宮廷史研究資料。中國嘉德(香港)征集到的此方乾隆皇

帝的壽山石「惠迪吉」璽就是一方體現(xiàn)乾隆皇帝為政思想的閑章。

此璽材質(zhì)為黃色壽山石,三羊鈕,印面縱 3.8 厘米,寬 2.1 厘米,通高 7 厘米。印文為陽文

「惠迪吉」三字,印文左右兩邊環(huán)繞裝飾性的雲(yún)龍紋。此璽在現(xiàn)藏於北京故宮的《乾隆寶藪》

中有明確著錄,經(jīng)與實(shí)物比對,無論是材質(zhì)、體量,還是篆法佈局都與該書中的記載相合,

可以判斷此璽應(yīng)該為乾隆皇帝的御用寶璽。根據(jù)《乾隆寶藪》,此璽為三方組璽中的一方,

作為引首章使用,而與其相配的另外兩方為「勤學(xué)好問」璽和「存誠主敬」璽。

此璽的主人乾隆皇帝是清朝入關(guān)以後的第四代皇帝。他在長達(dá)六十餘年的卓有成效的統(tǒng)治期

間創(chuàng)造了清代歷史上最輝煌的時(shí)代,同時(shí)也使自己成為名聞中外的英君明主。他自幼博覽群書,

即位以後雖政事目繁,仍不忘讀書吟詠,其文化素養(yǎng)之高,在包括漢族皇帝在內(nèi)的歷代帝王

中也是少見的。他十分重視對漢文化的學(xué)習(xí),自覺地利用儒家思想塑造自己,一生博覽群書,

好學(xué)不倦,其深厚的漢文化素養(yǎng)在其生活中的方方面面都有反映,同樣在其寶璽中亦有充分

的體現(xiàn)??疾烨』实鄣挠铆t印,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)在乾隆時(shí)期製作了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的由一方引首章

和兩方壓角章組成的三方一組的組璽。這種組璽一般是三方印章印鈕相同,採用同一種材質(zhì),

甚至是同一塊材料刻製,兩方壓角章大小相同。又可分為兩種情況:一是引首為宮殿璽,兩

方壓角章為詩文警句璽,用以說明殿名璽中殿名的含義及來歷,可以稱之為宮殿組璽;一是

引首和壓角章都是成語璽,在內(nèi)容上可以相互註解,可以稱之為成語組璽①。筆者認(rèn)為,清朝

皇帝在選擇相互配合的組璽印文時(shí)都有過細(xì)緻的推敲考量,對於這樣的組璽,要理解組璽中

的任何一方,都必須將三方組璽放在一起進(jìn)行解讀。也就是說,要很好地理解此方「惠迪吉」

璽,就要將它和與它同組的另外兩璽「勤學(xué)好問」璽和「存誠主敬」璽放在一起,同時(shí)與其

所有者乾隆皇帝的歷史境遇結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行考察。

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Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

但此套組璽卻與通常情況下乾隆皇帝三方一組的組璽存在明顯不同:一是組璽的三方印璽的材

質(zhì)各不相同,大小不一。根據(jù)《乾隆寶藪》的著錄,「惠迪吉」組璽的材質(zhì)分別為壽山石「惠

迪吉」璽、青玉「勤學(xué)好問」璽和銀晶「存誠主敬」璽,這在乾隆皇帝的御用組璽中並不多見,

原因就出現(xiàn)在此套璽印的製作過程。從現(xiàn)有的資料來看,在乾隆即位之前共刻製了七十餘方

印章,最早的製印記錄是雍正二年(1724),當(dāng)時(shí)他年僅 14 歲。據(jù)這一年的造辦處刻字作的

檔案記載:『四月十二日,總管太監(jiān)張起麟交四阿哥玉圖書一方,上書「勤學(xué)好問」;水晶

圖書一方,上書「存誠主敬」;壽山石圖書三方,一方上書「樂善堂」,一方上書「永言配命」,

一方上書「聿修厥德」。說怡親王諭:俱照原書字樣篆書鐫刻,配匣盛裝。遵此。於八月十三日,

鐫刻得「勤學(xué)好問」玉圖書一方,照原書字樣鐫刻得水晶圖書一方、壽山石圖書三方,配錦

匣盛,總管張起麟呈四阿哥收。②』將此條檔案和《乾隆寶藪》相互參照對比,可知與此方「惠

迪吉」璽相配的兩方壓角章就是乾隆皇帝繼位之前最早刻製的那兩方印章,時(shí)間是雍正二年。

乾隆皇帝即位以後,並沒有像對待其他皇子時(shí)期的印章一樣,將兩方他最早擁有的璽印單獨(dú)

存放,而是又新配了一方「惠迪吉」璽,成為一組,繼續(xù)鈐用,成為乾隆皇帝御用組璽中相

當(dāng)特殊的一組。這是一個很有意思的現(xiàn)象,也符合文獻(xiàn)所記載的乾隆對皇子時(shí)期的印章「其

語句可通為標(biāo)識者,今宸翰仍一例鈐用」的處理原則。由此使我們看到乾隆皇帝對御用璽印

實(shí)用為本的認(rèn)識,更可以感知到乾隆皇帝對他最早擁有的這兩方印章的重視。二是根據(jù)前述

情況,可知此套組璽的刻制過程跨越了乾隆皇帝一生中的不同時(shí)期,其中「勤學(xué)好問」璽和「存

誠主敬」璽刻製於他皇子時(shí)期,「惠迪吉」璽刻製於他繼位以後,這在乾隆皇帝的御用璽印

中是非常特殊的。

那麼,乾隆皇帝為什麼要選取「惠迪吉」這一印文與兩方早期璽印配為一組呢?這要從乾隆

皇帝對御用璽印的認(rèn)識方面去尋找答案。

關(guān)於皇帝御書鈐用寶璽的印文,乾隆皇帝曾有過相當(dāng)精辟的論述。他說:「夫天子宸章,擇言鐫璽,

以示自警,正也。即偶寓意別裁,然近玩物,不足為訓(xùn)?!拐J(rèn)為皇帝的印章要充分體現(xiàn)自己的

性情和意志,要有感而發(fā),有針對性地刻製,從而起到警示自己鞭策自己的作用。他同時(shí)還給

出了一些可為典則的實(shí)例,『如皇祖之「戒之在得」、皇考之「朝乾夕惕」、朕之「猶日孜孜」,

莫非寓戒慎之意。③』此方「惠迪吉」璽如果單從印文字面上來看很明顯是具有這樣的意義的,

應(yīng)屬於「自警」之列?!富莸霞沟涑觥渡袝ご笥碇儭罚骸富莸霞瑥哪鎯?,惟影響」,

意思是順應(yīng)正道者就會吉祥,違背正道者就有兇災(zāi),二者如影隨形,似響應(yīng)聲,告誡人們要

遵從天道和正道,這也是上古聖賢對統(tǒng)治者的告誡和要求,無疑是符合乾隆皇帝對皇帝御用

璽印印文之選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。

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Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

①郭福祥:《明清帝後璽印》頁 169。北京:國際文化出版公司,2003 年。

②中國第一歷史檔案館、香港中文大學(xué)文物館合編:《清宮內(nèi)務(wù)府造辦處檔案總匯》

第 1 冊,頁 394,雍正二年四月「刻字作」。北京:人民出版社,2005 年。

③ [ 清 ] 弘歷:《御制文三集》卷八,「嘉靖玉印記」。

④弘歷:《清高宗御制詩五集》卷五十八,「題澄觀齋」。

⑤弘歷:《清高宗御制詩五集》卷二十四,「澄觀齋」。

⑥弘歷:《清高宗御制詩五集》卷九,「題澄觀齋」。

⑦弘歷:《清高宗御制詩五集》卷九十八,「澄觀齋有會」。

在考察了乾隆皇帝的自身經(jīng)歷以後,我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)乾隆皇帝在使用「惠迪吉」一詞時(shí)卻有著他

自己的特定語境。在熱河避暑山莊東北部,有一處康熙四十二年(1703)至四十七年(1708)

修建的建築群,院門向南,內(nèi)建前後殿各三間??滴鯐r(shí)期這裏曾是跟隨康熙皇帝秋獮而來的

文人進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)活動的地方,康熙皇帝曾命皇三子允祉和皇十六子允祿帶領(lǐng)精通數(shù)學(xué)的儒臣在

此編篡有關(guān)律呂、曆法、算學(xué)等方面的書籍??滴趸实圻€特為其前殿題「惠迪吉」匾額,故

此殿也被稱為「惠迪吉殿」,而毗鄰此建築的避暑山莊園牆東北門則被稱為「惠迪吉門」。

後來乾隆皇帝又為後殿題「澄觀齋」匾額,意為澄心觀道之所,為乾隆御題避暑山莊三十六

景之一。乾隆時(shí)期這裏也是皇帝處理政事的地方,「每出惠迪吉門,即於是傳餐視事」。研

習(xí)學(xué)術(shù),就要勤學(xué)好問;處理政事,則需保持誠敬之心。乾隆帝將自己原有的「勤學(xué)好問」、「存

誠主敬」印與康熙皇帝的「惠迪吉」匾相配,成為一組宮殿組璽,不但契合此建築群的功用,

亦在情理之中。

事實(shí)上,乾隆皇帝在他的多首關(guān)於澄觀齋的御製詩中提到康熙皇帝的這塊「惠迪吉」匾,如「惠

迪吉額為皇祖御書,懸齋中」、「是齋內(nèi)有皇祖匾,曰惠迪吉」、「堂中惠迪吉三字,為皇祖

御書」、「齋中懸惠迪吉匾額,乃皇祖御書也」,認(rèn)為康熙皇帝的這三字題額意義重大,可謂「三

言惠迪吉,聖訓(xùn)萬年存」⑤、「奎文曰惠迪,百世垂明徵」。⑥避暑山莊正是康熙和乾隆祖孫二

人建立起深厚感情的地方,冥冥之中,猶如天意,那是他一生反復(fù)回味的時(shí)光和情結(jié)?!富莸霞?/p>

似乎也暗示了這種鏈接作用。無獨(dú)有偶,乾隆皇帝也把澄觀齋的「澄」演繹為「誠」,「向喻

澄以靜,茲繹澄以誠」⑦,似乎正暗合了「存誠主敬」的「誠」字。這樣的印文組合,既將乾

隆自己和祖父的情結(jié)聯(lián)繫在一起,也符合乾隆皇帝一貫的思想意識,同樣是合理的。

此璽質(zhì)地為黃色壽山石,質(zhì)地細(xì)膩溫潤。印鈕圓雕三羊,意寓三陽開泰。羊皆立姿,一隻大

羊佔(zhàn)據(jù)較大空間,兩只羊羔蜷縮倚立大羊身前,毛髮捲曲,神情悠然,憨態(tài)可掬。整體雕刻

精細(xì),顯示出較高的藝術(shù)水平。

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此璽印曾鈐蓋於故宮博物院藏 弘歷己卯歲朝圖軸

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160 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

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162 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

A Set of Five Bronze 'Dragon' Altar Vessels

Qianlong Six-Character Marks and of the Period (1736-1795)

The candlestick: each, 49cm (19 1

/4 in) high

The vase: each, 45 cm (17 3

/4 in) high

The incense burner with cover: 47 cm (18 1

/2 in) high

清乾隆

銅雙龍趕珠紋五供一組

「大清乾隆年造」六字楷書橫款

HKD: 4,800,000-5,200,000

USD: 615,400-666,700

235

第173頁

款識

PROVENANCE | 來源:

A Hong Kong family collection, acquired between 1950s-1960s; family operated

in the grain, oil and food import-export industry for generations

香港士紳家族珍藏。其家族在香港數(shù)代經(jīng)營進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易與糧油食品行業(yè),其藝術(shù)品珍藏

於 1950-1960 年代陸續(xù)購入。

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164 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

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清代宮中歷來重視禮佛之事,大小佛堂遍布紫禁城各個角落,皇室當(dāng)

然也會像普通百姓一樣有各種節(jié)令慶賀、生辰祭日祝禱、天地神靈祈福、

佛道神仙信奉,而且絲毫不敢怠慢甚至更為講究。這從大大小小的供

奉場所陳設(shè)的大量供器足可以見的,它們種類豐富、工藝精湛、用材

考究、裝飾奢華,體現(xiàn)著皇家虔誠的宗教信仰和特有的宮廷審美意趣。

今秋中國嘉德香港呈現(xiàn)一組難得的乾隆時(shí)期供養(yǎng)法器,包括銅朝冠耳

爐一件、銅瓶兩件、銅燭臺兩件。五件法器歷史上稱為「五供」,又

名「五供養(yǎng)」、「五具足」、「五供一堂」,皆以精銅為材,鑄造精良,

彰顯乾隆製器的雍容繁復(fù),無論其形制,或是工藝均可稱為乾隆時(shí)期

銅器鑄造的至臻佳作。

「五供」源自漢朝時(shí)候的「五祭」,漢代蔡邕所著的《獨(dú)斷》卷下中提道:

「正月上丁,祠南郊禮畢,次北郊、明堂、高祖廟、世祖廟,謂之五供。

五供畢,以次上陵也?!固扑螘r(shí)期供器有碗、盤、瓶等,並沒有固定的

形式,至元代出現(xiàn)香爐、花瓶的組合,逐漸花瓶、香爐、燭臺被稱為「三

具足」。至明代,五供成為定制,由一個香爐(或鼎)、一對燭臺(或豆)

和一對花觚(或花瓶、壺)組成。香爐居中間擺放,花瓶和燭臺在兩側(cè),

依次對稱排列。以五供供奉神明,意旨得到光明、清淨(jìng)。

香是信使,以香爐擺放中間,誠心可達(dá)神前,又名「信香」。此處五

供之香爐為朝冠耳爐,彰顯皇家威嚴(yán)。由器蓋和爐身兩部分組成。蓋

設(shè)束腰仰覆蓮花座式寶珠鈕,蓋面鏤空西番蓮纏枝紋環(huán)繞團(tuán)壽紋,線

條連綿,舒捲流暢。直口平沿,束直頸,鼓腹下收,弧腹深膛,下承

三獸足。肩部如意雲(yún)紋規(guī)整有序,朝冠雙耳挺拔向上、婉轉(zhuǎn)有力,外

側(cè)再以游龍紋為飾。爐身圓弧飽滿,以雙龍趕珠紋為主體紋飾,其間

祥雲(yún)滾動,蒼龍鬚發(fā)飛揚(yáng)、身軀輾轉(zhuǎn)騰挪、回旋向上,五爪張弩遒勁,

俯首下探,氣勢雄渾,大有氣奪千里之勢。足部獸首深目高眉,寬鼻闊口,

獠牙外露,古拙沈穩(wěn)??谘卣需T刻「大清乾隆年造」六字單行楷書橫款。

兩個燭臺分別放於香爐兩側(cè),焚香燃燭,以示光明。其上、中、下三

層由蠟扦、大小兩個撇口淺盤、立柱、高足組合而成,亦以雙龍戲珠

圖案為主體紋飾,龍紋穿梭於煙霧繚繞的雲(yún)層中,造型生動,遒勁有

力。用於盛放蠟油的托盤,內(nèi)堂深廣平滑,打磨細(xì)緻。足牆正面鑄刻「大

清乾隆年造」六字單行楷書橫款。

蠟臺的兩側(cè)再放花瓶,花代表芳香清潔。此對銅瓶作高盤口,束頸,

溜肩,圓弧腹,肩飾對稱螭龍銜環(huán)耳,底承高圈足。頸部以凸起弦紋

分隔三層裝飾紋飾,溜肩設(shè)連續(xù)如意雲(yún)紋,脛部設(shè)蓮瓣紋。盤口、頸部、

足牆皆作雙龍戲珠紋襯托腹部雲(yún)龍紋主體紋飾,五爪雙龍自下而上穿

梭於祥雲(yún)之間,追趕火珠,雙龍蒼勁,氣勢撼人。足牆正面鑄刻「大

清乾隆年造」六字單行楷書橫款。

整套五供鑄造精研,紋飾繁復(fù)細(xì)密,燒古銅色,造型古雅大方。《清

宮活計(jì)檔》中關(guān)於此類器物的記載,如乾隆二十四年二月:「初八日,

郎中白世秀員外郎金輝來說太監(jiān)胡世傑交:銅燒古朝冠耳爐一件,傳

旨著配花瓶蠟扦,欽此。於四月初三日,員外郎金輝將銅燒古朝冠爐

一件配得花瓶蠟扦一份,持進(jìn)交太監(jiān)胡世傑,呈進(jìn)訖。」乾隆三十七年:

「二十四日,庫掌五德筆帖式福慶來說,搃管李裕交:銅燒古朝冠耳

爐二件(隨銅香烤安估宮),傳旨著另燒古,欽此?!沽硗?,清宮中

后妃進(jìn)行佛教祭拜儀式的重要場所慈寧寺咸若館(圖一)陳設(shè)此類一

組五供陳設(shè),紋飾簡潔,相比之下,此套紋飾工藝更加繁復(fù)精美,五

爪蒼龍盡顯皇家用器的莊嚴(yán)與尊貴,非一般妃嬪所用,更見規(guī)格品級。

另外同類者,如香港蘇富比,2008 年 4 月 11 日,編號 2826 一套清

乾隆御製銅鑄刻「二龍爭珠」圖五供(圖二),與本組形制、工藝如

出一轍,應(yīng)為同一時(shí)期乾隆宮廷造辦處為宮中供奉所訂製,或作為呈

現(xiàn)皇帝的貢物,以 22,727,500 港幣易主,可茲參照。

圖一 慈寧宮咸若館佛堂 圖二 香港蘇富比,2008 年 4 月 11 日,編號 2826 清乾隆御制銅鑄刻「二龍爭珠」圖五供

敬天法祖 乾清供奉

——清乾隆銅雙龍趕珠紋五供

第176頁

166 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

清代康雍乾太平盛世,經(jīng)濟(jì)富庶、社會繁華、文化興盛,尤其高宗乾

隆時(shí)期集清代之大成,他學(xué)識淵博,詩文兼長,以「敬天法祖、勤政

親賢」為聖訓(xùn),成就了文治武功的鼎盛時(shí)代。所謂「敬天法祖」一方

面體現(xiàn)在他虔誠的宗教信仰,拈香、誦經(jīng)可以說是高宗乾隆皇帝日常

的功課,除了延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)的薩滿教之外,更是精研藏傳佛教(圖三),

同時(shí)沒有摒棄道教(圖四)、漢地佛教,對各種祭祀供奉極為重視,

坤寧宮、養(yǎng)心殿、中正殿、儲秀宮、慈寧宮、圓明園內(nèi)均設(shè)有乾隆專

用的禮拜佛堂。

乾隆時(shí)期造辦處設(shè)有鑄爐處與銅鋄作,曾經(jīng)製作了大量供奉銅器,作

為宮廷御用或者頒賜寺廟,這些作品形制眾多,設(shè)計(jì)鑄造不記工本,

耗時(shí)幾個月甚至幾年,在銅器製造史上堪稱空前絕後的盛世工程。如

今故宮博物院所見御花園天一門前「大清乾隆拾年造」款銅燒古鼎(圖

五)、寶華殿外的銅燒古大爐(圖六)、雍和宮的銅燒古大鼎等鑄造、

鏨刻、燒古工藝與此次所見五供可謂異曲同工。

根據(jù)活計(jì)檔記載,此種銅器用撥蠟法鑄造成型。「撥蠟」是傳統(tǒng)熔模

鑄造法失蠟法的一種,其過程先製作型芯,將蠟片直接黏附在型芯上,

捏出器物的大體形狀後仔細(xì)撥出各部位的形狀和花紋,再在蠟?zāi)I蠅T

泥料,之後化掉蠟?zāi)?,往空腔中澆注銅液而成。明清時(shí)期,撥蠟法普

遍用於製作佛像、鐘鼎、動物造型等複雜鑄件。乾隆時(shí)期這種鑄造技

藝已達(dá)爐火純青,鑄造成型後又有剔鑿、銼刮、嵌補(bǔ)、打磨等修整工藝,

以及鏨刻、鏤空、燒古、鍍金等裝飾工藝,能夠呈現(xiàn)各種複雜的造型,

而且形制規(guī)範(fàn),端莊精緻。這當(dāng)然與乾隆皇帝對宮廷用器向來要求嚴(yán)苛,

甚至親自督導(dǎo),力求精益求精有關(guān)。此套五供所用銅當(dāng)為專門為宮廷

所煉製的合金銅,內(nèi)含諸多貴重金屬,與故宮、頤和園陳列的銅鶴等

所用銅相同,再由造辦處燒古匠用木炭將慢慢煨燒而成,燒古銅色寶

光內(nèi)涵,珠光外顯,襯托宮廷供器的不凡氣勢。

此外,清高宗乾隆皇帝繼承了宋明以來文人好古的傳統(tǒng),他在詩文集

曾多次題寫:「玩物仍存師古情」,「事不師古說聞匪」,「求師述

古風(fēng)」……又命內(nèi)廷刊印《西清古鑒》、《西清續(xù)鑒》、《寧壽鑒古》

等書,所著鐘鼎彝器,於各工藝門類皆有體現(xiàn),如仿商周鼎彝、秦石鼓、

漢博山爐、蠶紋璧,仿汝、哥等宋代官窯、永宣青花、成化鬥彩等等。

歸納起來,乾隆仿古主要有三種形式,一是仿原器,造型紋飾均按照

青銅器仿制;二是仿其形,只是類比青銅器的外形,再綜合運(yùn)用浮雕、

鏤雕或鑲嵌等技法,器型或大或小,紋飾變化豐富,古代紋飾和乾隆

朝紋飾並用,體現(xiàn)了仿古而不泥古的創(chuàng)新精神;三是仿其紋飾,以乾

隆朝的器型添加古代的紋飾,如饕餮紋、蟬紋、夔紋、回紋等,有的

還借鑒青銅器紋樣加以演化,將其改為適合自身材質(zhì)雕刻的紋飾,將

造型美與裝飾美融為一體。此五供當(dāng)屬第二類,形制有商周青銅器的

特徵,仿古而不泥古,以蒼勁威武的五爪龍紋襯托出皇家無上皇權(quán)。

所謂「先王之盛德在於禮樂,文士之精神存於翰墨,玩禮樂之器可以

進(jìn)德,玩墨跡舊刻可以精藝,居今之世,可與古人相見?!梗鞫?/p>

昌《骨董十三說》)整套五供鑄造精湛,繁復(fù)恢宏的紋飾與莊嚴(yán)飽滿

形制完美融合,不僅僅給我們視覺的震撼,更為難得是成套存世,格

物致知,為我們呈現(xiàn)乾隆時(shí)期悠遠(yuǎn)的宗教禮儀與信仰。

圖三 乾隆皇帝佛裝像唐卡

故宮博物院藏

圖四 御花園欽安殿內(nèi)道教玄天

上帝供器

圖五 御花園天一門前「大清乾隆

拾年造」款銅燒古鼎

圖六 寶華殿外的銅燒古大爐

第178頁

168 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

第180頁

170 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

An Imperial Zitan 'Dragon' Cabinet, Kanggui

Qing Dynasty, Qianlong Period (1736-1795)

60.4 cm (23 3

/4 in) high

清乾隆

御製紫檀雕雲(yún)龍紋炕櫃

HKD: 1,200,000-1,800,000

USD: 153,800-230,800

236

PROVENANCE | 來源:

An English private collection, and thence by descent; the cabinet is

illustrated in an old family card

英國私人收藏,並由後人保存迄今

藏品老照片

第182頁

172 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

第183頁

炕櫃為一體上下兩層,四面平式,上層為方形對開兩扇門頂

箱,下層為長方形對開兩扇門立櫃,兩層櫃體之間以束腰線

為界,分出上下櫃邊,仿頂箱立櫃上下組合之形,櫃內(nèi)裝堂板。

四腿較高,外包銅套,腿之間有如意雲(yún)頭形牙板。櫃門四面

打槽裝板,落堂踩鼓。上下櫃門每門各用一組兩個鎏金合頁,

櫃門把手為鎏金蟬形把手,其上陰刻出蟬之面目、雙翅等。

上下櫃門、櫃堂面板、立櫃兩側(cè)面上下山板、櫃後背板等均

為獨(dú)板,尤其炕櫃背板,尺寸宏闊,尤為難得,其面光素?zé)o飾,

露紫檀木天然紋理,與櫃體正面、側(cè)面的複雜雕工形成繁簡

對比。櫃面面板及兩側(cè)面山板之雕刻,均採用減地高浮雕手

法,櫃門雕刻雲(yún)龍圖,龍均作五爪龍。上櫃門面板,兩龍?jiān)?/p>

型對稱,穿梭雲(yún)海,宛如從天而降;下櫃門面板,兩龍身型

修長,於雲(yún)海翻騰,似御氣升空,亦呈對稱之態(tài)。櫃堂面板

及櫃體兩側(cè)上下山板均雕刻雲(yún)紋,呼應(yīng)櫃門主體雲(yún)氣,手法

一致。

此櫃裝飾雕刻頗具皇家氣象,雕工極為精細(xì),不僅以高浮雕

手法塑造雲(yún)龍圖案,且以淺浮雕、線刻等手法表現(xiàn)雲(yún)氣、龍

鱗等細(xì)節(jié),更添圖像之寫實(shí)之狀。此櫃用料珍貴,雕刻華麗,

點(diǎn)綴鎏金櫃飾,更顯皇家傢俱之氣度不凡。炕櫃尺寸較小,

保存完整,櫃面褒漿厚潤,雕刻功力盡顯,為清乾隆宮廷傢

俱中以良材精工取勝的之上乘之作。

第184頁

174 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

A Hardstone-Embellished Black Lacquer 'Ladies and

Boys' Rectangular Box and Cover

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

25.5 cm (10 in) wide

黑漆百寶嵌教子圖長方盒

237

HKD: 1,200,000-1,800,000

USD: 153,800-230,800

PROVENANCE | 來源:

A Taiwanese private collection

臺灣私人收藏

第186頁

176 宮廷藝術(shù)與尚古美學(xué)

Enshrouded Within: Chinese Imperial

Treasures and Archaic Antiquities 映水藏山

此盒呈倭角長方形,周身髹黑色大漆,形制規(guī)矩雅正。子母口,起

皮條線,同時(shí)起到裝飾與加固的作用。蓋面微隆,以螺鈿、瑪瑙、

壽山石、大理石、孔雀石、青金石、碧玉、珊瑚、虯角等珍貴材質(zhì)

作百寶嵌裝飾。畫面中心一位仕女衣著清雅,面容慈祥,正照顧盆

中紅色裹肚嬰孩洗澡,旁邊稍長男孩雙手抬起,似在焦急等待。另

外一側(cè),青衣孩童依偎在母親懷中,黃衣幼兒正在嬉戲做鬼臉,玩

具散落地面,母親伸出左手,似在勸導(dǎo)。周緣勾欄嚴(yán)整,荷花搖曳,

似有徐徐清風(fēng),茂盛芭蕉與玲瓏山石相伴而生,營造一片祥和夏日

庭院溫馨情景。整體畫面構(gòu)圖嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),設(shè)色合宜,畫面溫馨,於細(xì)節(jié)

處彰顯功力。

細(xì)觀其畫面構(gòu)圖、庭院景致、人物衣飾應(yīng)源於宋代《浴嬰仕女圖》,

其主題應(yīng)與當(dāng)時(shí)端午節(jié)為兒童進(jìn)行香湯藥浴以驅(qū)邪祛病、保持健康

的社會風(fēng)俗有關(guān)。明代多有仿本,如仇英《浴嬰圖》。嬰戲題材在

明代特別是明代中後期的御窯瓷器中特別受到鍾愛,一直流行到清

代。此盒或是為端午節(jié)令特別定製之用,同時(shí)蘊(yùn)含著吉祥福樂、多

子多福的美好願望。

「百寶嵌」一詞最早出現(xiàn)於明隆慶年間髹漆名匠黃成所撰寫的《髹

飾錄》中,把百寶嵌劃為斒斕類:「百寶嵌、珊瑚、琥珀、瑪瑙、

寶石、玳瑁、螺鈿、象牙、犀角之類,與彩漆板子,錯雜而鐫刻鑲嵌者,

甚貴?!姑鞔峁蠲髯⒃唬骸赣须[起者,有平頂者?!挂庵竷煞N

不同的表現(xiàn)形式:一種是隱起如浮雕;一種是沒有起伏,與胎地齊

平的。故宮博物院藏明代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器黑漆彩繪百寶嵌嬰戲圖立櫃即胎地

齊平者,相比之下,兩者嬰孩比例自然和諧,充滿天真爛漫的氣息,

屬同時(shí)期風(fēng)格,而此盒浮雕人物,具有更加豐富的視覺效果。

相傳百寶嵌是明代周治所創(chuàng)造。《崇禎吳縣誌》卷五十三〈人物·工技〉

記載:周治,嘉靖中人。工為詩歌,精於雕鏤嵌空,以金玉珠母石青綠,

嵌作人物、花鳥,老梅古乾,玲瓏奇巧,宛如圖畫。此件長方盒或

是其中一例。清代錢泳《履園叢話》曾以「五色陸離,難以形容,

真古來未有之奇玩也」來評價(jià)其技法之精湛。

明代中晚期以來以真正百寶材料鑲嵌的百寶嵌漆器存世量極少。一

方面因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)百寶材料貴重,製作相對較少;另一方面罕見的百寶

嵌漆器「愚賈利其珊瑚寶石,亦皆挖真補(bǔ)假,遂成棄物」(清謝堃《金

玉瑣碎》卷下),留存?zhèn)魇纴K不容易。

黑漆百寶嵌教子圖長方盒

明 仇英《浴嬰圖》 絹本設(shè)色,

27.2 cm × 25.5 cm

現(xiàn)藏於上海博物館

宋 周文矩(傳)《浴嬰仕女圖》 絹本設(shè)色,

23 cm × 24.5 cm

現(xiàn)藏於美國弗利爾美術(shù)館

明 黑漆彩繪百寶嵌嬰戲圖立櫃

故宮博物院藏

第188頁

下述條款可以在拍賣期間以公告或口頭通知的方式作出更改。在拍賣會

中競投即表示競投人同意受下述條款的約束。

第一條 中國嘉德(香港)國際拍賣有限公司作為代理人

除另有約定外,中國嘉德(香港)國際拍賣有限公司作為賣家之代理人。

拍賣品之成交合約,則為賣家與買家之間的合約。本規(guī)則、賣家業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)

則、載於圖錄或由拍賣官公佈或於拍賣會場以通告形式提供之所有其他

條款、條件及通知,均構(gòu)成賣家、買家及/或中國嘉德(香港)國際拍賣有

限公司作為拍賣代理之協(xié)定條款。

第二條 定義及釋義

(一) 本規(guī)則各條款內(nèi),除非文義另有不同要求,下列詞語具有以下含義:

(1)“本公司”指中國嘉德(香港)國際拍賣有限公司;

(2)“中國嘉德”指中國嘉德國際拍賣有限公司,“其住所地為中華人民

共和國北京市東城區(qū)王府井大街1號嘉德藝術(shù)中心辦公區(qū)三層。

(3)“賣家”指提供拍賣品出售之任何人士、公司、法團(tuán)或單位。本規(guī)則

中,除非另有說明或根據(jù)文義特殊需要,賣家均包括賣家的代理人(不包

括本公司)、遺囑執(zhí)行人或遺產(chǎn)代理人;

(4)“競投人”指以任何方式考慮、作出或嘗試競投之任何人士、公司、

法團(tuán)或單位。本規(guī)則中,除非另有說明或根據(jù)文義特殊需要,競投人均

包括競投人的代理人(但不包本公司);

(5)“買家”指在本公司舉辦的拍賣活動中,拍賣官所接納之最高競投價(jià)

或要約之競投人,包括以代理人身份競投之人士之委託人;

(6)“買家傭金”指買家根據(jù)本規(guī)則所載費(fèi)率按落槌價(jià)須向本公司支付之

傭金;

(7)“拍賣品”指賣家委託本公司進(jìn)行拍賣及於拍賣會上被拍賣的物品;

(8)“拍賣日”指在某次拍賣活動中,本公司公佈的正式開始進(jìn)行拍賣交

易之日;

(9)“拍賣成交日”指在本公司舉辦的拍賣活動中,拍賣官以落槌或者以

其他公開表示買定的方式確認(rèn)任何拍賣品達(dá)成交易的日期;

(10)“拍賣官”指本公司指定主持某場拍賣並可決定落槌的人員;

(11)“落槌價(jià)”指拍賣官落槌決定將拍賣品售予買家的價(jià)格,或若為拍

賣會後交易,則為協(xié)定出售價(jià);

(12)“購買價(jià)款”指買家因購買拍賣品而應(yīng)支付的包括落槌價(jià)加上買家

須支付之傭金、以及應(yīng)由買家支付的稅費(fèi)、利息及買家負(fù)責(zé)的各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用

的總和;

(13)“買家負(fù)責(zé)的各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用”指與本公司出售拍賣品相關(guān)的支出和費(fèi)

用,包括但不限於本公司對拍賣品購買保險(xiǎn)、包裝、運(yùn)輸、儲存、保

管、買家額外要求的有關(guān)任何拍賣品之測試、調(diào)查、查詢或鑒定之費(fèi)用

或向違約買家追討之開支、法律費(fèi)用等;

(14)“底價(jià)”指賣家與本公司確定的且不公開之拍賣品之最低售價(jià);

(15)“估價(jià)”指在拍賣品圖錄或其他介紹說明文字之後標(biāo)明的拍賣品估

計(jì)售價(jià),不包括買家須支付之傭金;

(16)“儲存費(fèi)”指買家按本規(guī)則規(guī)定應(yīng)向本公司支付的儲存費(fèi)用。

(二) 在本規(guī)則條款中,根據(jù)上下文義,單數(shù)詞語亦包括複數(shù)詞語,反之

亦然。除非文義另有要求:

(1) 買家及本公司在本規(guī)則中合稱為“雙方”,而“一方”則指其中任

何一方;

(2) 凡提及法律條文的,應(yīng)解釋為包括這些條文日後的任何修訂或重新

立法;

(3) 凡提及“者”或“人”的,應(yīng)包括自然人、公司、法人、企業(yè)、合

夥、個體商號、政府或社會組織及由他們混合組成的組織;

(4) 凡提及“條”或“款”的,均指本規(guī)則的條或款;

(5) 標(biāo)題僅供方便索閱,不影響本規(guī)則的解釋。

第三條 適用範(fàn)圍

凡參加本公司組織、開展和舉辦的文物、藝術(shù)品等收藏品的拍賣活動的

競投人、買家和其他相關(guān)各方均應(yīng)按照本規(guī)則執(zhí)行。

第四條 特別提示

凡參加本公司拍賣活動的競投人和買家應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀並遵守本規(guī)則,競投

人、買家應(yīng)特別仔細(xì)閱讀本規(guī)則所載之本公司之責(zé)任及限制、免責(zé)條

款。競投人及/或其代理人有責(zé)任親自審看拍賣品原物,並對自己競投

拍賣品的行為承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。本公司有權(quán)自行決定因天氣或其它原因,

將拍賣延期或取消,而無需向競投人作出任何賠償。

第五條 競投人及本公司有關(guān)出售拍賣品之責(zé)任

(一) 本公司對各拍賣品之認(rèn)知,部分依賴於賣家提供之資料,本公司無

法及不會就各拍賣品進(jìn)行全面盡職檢查。競投人知悉此事,並承擔(dān)檢查

及檢驗(yàn)拍賣品原物之責(zé)任,以使競投人滿意其可能感興趣之拍賣品。

(二) 本公司出售之各拍賣品於出售前可供競投人審看。競投人及/或其

代理人參與競投,即視為競投人已在競投前全面檢驗(yàn)拍賣品,並滿意拍

賣品之狀況及其描述之準(zhǔn)確性。

(三) 競投人確認(rèn)眾多拍賣品年代久遠(yuǎn)及種類特殊,意味拍賣品並非完好

無缺。所有拍賣品均以拍賣時(shí)之狀態(tài)出售(無論競投人是否出席拍賣)。

狀態(tài)報(bào)告或可於審看拍賣品時(shí)提供。圖錄描述及狀態(tài)報(bào)告在若干情況下

可用作拍賣品某些瑕疵之參考。然而,競投人應(yīng)注意,拍賣品可能存在

其他在圖錄或狀態(tài)報(bào)告內(nèi)並無明確指出之瑕疵。

買 家 業(yè) 務(wù) 規(guī) 則

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(四) 提供予競投人有關(guān)任何拍賣品之資料,包括任何預(yù)測資料(無論為書

面或口述)及包括任何圖錄所載之資料、規(guī)則或其他報(bào)告、評論或估值,

該等資料並非事實(shí)之陳述,而是本公司所持有之意見而已,該等資料可

由本公司不時(shí)全權(quán)酌情決定修改。

(五) 本公司或賣家概無就任何拍賣品是否受任何版權(quán)所限或買家是否已

購買任何拍賣品之版權(quán)發(fā)出任何聲明或保證。

(六) 受本規(guī)則第五(一)至五(五)條所載事項(xiàng)所規(guī)限及本規(guī)則第六條所載特

定豁免所規(guī)限,本公司是基於(1)賣家向本公司提供的資料;(2)學(xué)術(shù)及

技術(shù)知識(如有);及(3)相關(guān)專家普遍接納之意見,以合理審慎態(tài)度發(fā)表

(且與本規(guī)則中有關(guān)本公司作為拍賣代理的條款相符)載於圖錄的描述或

狀態(tài)報(bào)告。

第六條 對買家之責(zé)任豁免及限制

(一) 受本規(guī)則第五條之事項(xiàng)所規(guī)限及受規(guī)則第六(一)及六(四)條所規(guī)限,

本公司或賣家均無須:

(1) 對本公司向競投人以口述或書面提供之資料之任何錯誤或遺漏負(fù)

責(zé),無論是由於疏忽或因其他原因引致;

(2) 向競投人作出任何擔(dān)?;虮WC,且賣家委託本公司向買家作出之明

示保證以外之任何暗示保證及條款均被排除(惟法律規(guī)定不可免除之該等

責(zé)任除外);

(3) 就本公司有關(guān)拍賣或有關(guān)出售任何拍賣品之任何事宜之行動或遺漏

(無論是由於疏忽或其他原因引致),向任何競投人負(fù)責(zé)。

(二) 除非本公司擁有出售之拍賣品,否則無須就賣家違反本規(guī)則而負(fù)責(zé)。

(三) 在不影響規(guī)則第六(一)條之情況下,競投人向本公司或賣家提出之

任何索賠以該拍賣品之落槌價(jià)連同買家傭金為限。本公司或賣家在任何

情況下均無須承擔(dān)買家任何相應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的間接損失。

(四) 本規(guī)則第六條概無免除或限制本公司有關(guān)本公司或賣家作出之任何

具欺詐成份之失實(shí)聲明,或有關(guān)本公司或賣家之疏忽行為或遺漏而導(dǎo)致

之人身傷亡之責(zé)任。

第七條 拍賣品圖錄及其他說明

本公司在關(guān)於拍賣品之圖錄或在拍賣品狀態(tài)報(bào)告內(nèi)之所有陳述,或另行

之口頭或書面陳述,均只屬意見之表述,而不應(yīng)依據(jù)為事實(shí)之陳述。此

陳述並不構(gòu)成本公司任何形式之任何陳述、保證或責(zé)任承擔(dān)。圖錄或拍

賣品狀態(tài)報(bào)告中所提及之有關(guān)瑕疵及修復(fù),只作為指引,而應(yīng)由競投人

或具備有關(guān)知識之代表親自審看。未有提述本條前述資料,亦不表示

拍賣品全無瑕疵或未經(jīng)修復(fù);而如已提述特定瑕疵,亦不表示並無其

他瑕疵。

因印刷或攝影等技術(shù)原因造成拍賣品在圖錄及/或其他任何形式的圖

示、影像製品和宣傳品中的色調(diào)、顏色、層次、形態(tài)等與原物存在誤差

者,以原物為準(zhǔn)。

本公司及其工作人員或其代理人對拍賣品任何說明中引述之出版著錄僅

供競投人參考。本公司不提供著錄書刊等資料之原件或複印件,並保留

修訂引述說明的權(quán)利。

第八條 底價(jià)及估價(jià)

凡本公司拍賣品未標(biāo)明或未說明無底價(jià)的,均設(shè)有底價(jià)。底價(jià)一般不高

於本公司於拍賣前公佈或刊發(fā)的拍賣前低估價(jià)。如拍賣品未設(shè)底價(jià),除

非已有競投,否則拍賣官有權(quán)自行決定起拍價(jià),但不得高於拍賣品的拍

賣前低估價(jià)。

在任何情況下,本公司不對拍賣品在本公司舉辦的拍賣會中未達(dá)底價(jià)不

成交而承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。若拍賣品競投價(jià)格低於底價(jià),拍賣官有權(quán)自行決

定以低於底價(jià)的價(jià)格出售拍賣品。但在此種情況下,本公司向賣家支付

之款項(xiàng)為按底價(jià)出售拍賣品時(shí)賣家應(yīng)可收取之?dāng)?shù)額。

估價(jià)在拍賣日前較早時(shí)間估定,並非確定之售價(jià),不具有法律約束力。

任何估價(jià)不能作為拍賣品落槌價(jià)之預(yù)測,且本公司有權(quán)不時(shí)修訂已作出

之估價(jià)。

第九條 拍賣會上競投出價(jià)

競投人可以透過以下方式競投出價(jià):

(一) 競投人親自出席拍賣會,並按照本規(guī)則第十至第十二條的規(guī)定進(jìn)行

登記及在領(lǐng)取牌號前交納保證金;或

(二) 受本規(guī)則第十五條之約束,競投人可採用書面形式,透過妥為填妥

及簽署的本公司的電話委託競投表格,委託本公司代為競投;或

(三) 競投人可選擇本公司認(rèn)可的同步代拍服務(wù)參與競投。

第十條 競投人登記

競投人為個人的,應(yīng)在拍賣日前憑政府發(fā)出附有照片的身份證明文件(如

居民身份證或護(hù)照)填寫並簽署登記文件,並提供現(xiàn)時(shí)住址證明(如公用

事業(yè)賬單或銀行月結(jié)單);競投人為公司或者其他組織的,應(yīng)在拍賣日前

憑有效的註冊登記文件、股東證明文件以及合法的授權(quán)委託證明文件填

寫並簽署登記文件,領(lǐng)取競投號牌。本公司可能要求競投人出示用作付

款的銀行資料或其他財(cái)政狀況證明。

第十一條 競投號牌

本公司可根據(jù)不同拍賣條件及拍賣方式等任何情況,在拍賣日前公佈辦

理競投號牌的條件和程序,包括但不限於制定競投人辦理競投號牌的資

格條件。

本公司鄭重提示,競投號牌是競投人參與現(xiàn)場競價(jià)的唯一憑證。競投人

應(yīng)妥善保管,不得將競投號牌出借他人使用。一旦丟失,應(yīng)立即以本公

司認(rèn)可的書面方式辦理掛失手續(xù)。

無論是否接受競投人的委託,凡持競投號牌者在拍賣活動中所實(shí)施的競

投行為均視為競投號牌登記人本人所為,競投人應(yīng)當(dāng)對其行為承擔(dān)法律

責(zé)任,除非競投號牌登記人本人已以本公司認(rèn)可的書面方式,在本公司

辦理了該競投號牌的掛失手續(xù),並由拍賣官現(xiàn)場宣佈該競投號牌作廢。

第十二條 競投保證金

競投人參加本公司拍賣活動,應(yīng)在領(lǐng)取競投號牌前交納競投保證金。競

投保證金的數(shù)額由本公司在拍賣日前公佈,且本公司有權(quán)減免競投保證

金。若競投人未能購得拍賣品且對本公司、本公司的分部、附屬公司、

子公司、母公司、中國嘉德、中國嘉德的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母

公司無任何欠款,則該保證金在拍賣結(jié)束後十四個工作日內(nèi)全額無息返

還競投人;若競投人成為買家的,則該保證金自動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹Ц杜馁u品購

買價(jià)款的定金。

第十三條 本公司之選擇權(quán)

本公司有權(quán)酌情拒絕任何人參加本公司舉辦的拍賣活動或進(jìn)入拍賣現(xiàn)

場,或在拍賣會現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行拍照、錄音、攝像等活動。

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第十四條 以當(dāng)事人身份競投

除非某競投人在拍賣日前向本公司出具書面證明並經(jīng)本公司書面認(rèn)可,

表明其身份是某競投人的代理人,否則每名競投人均被視為競投人本人。

第十五條 電話委託競投

競投人應(yīng)親自出席拍賣會。如不能親身出席或由代理人出席,可採用本

公司的電話委託競投表格以書面形式委託本公司代為競投。本公司有酌

情權(quán)決定是否接受上述委託。

委託本公司競投之競投人應(yīng)在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)(不遲於拍賣日前二十四小

時(shí))辦理委託手續(xù),向本公司出具妥為填妥及簽署的本公司電話委託競

投表格,並按本規(guī)則規(guī)定妥為交納競投保證金,方視為完成辦理委托競

投的委托手續(xù)。

委託本公司競投之競投人如需取消委託競投,應(yīng)不遲於拍賣日前二十四

小時(shí)以書面通知本公司。

第十六條 電話委託競投的競投結(jié)果

競投人委託本公司代為競投的,競投結(jié)果及相關(guān)法律責(zé)任由競投人承擔(dān)。

競投人應(yīng)在電話委託競投表格中準(zhǔn)確填寫即時(shí)通訊方式(如流動電話號

碼)並妥善保管該即時(shí)通訊工具,在本公司受託競投期間,競投人應(yīng)親自

使用該即時(shí)通訊工具,一旦丟失或無法控制該即時(shí)通訊工具,應(yīng)立即以本

公司認(rèn)可的書面方式變更電話委託競投表格中填寫的即時(shí)通訊方式。

在本公司受託競投期間,會(盡適當(dāng)適時(shí)努力)聯(lián)絡(luò)競投人,而該即時(shí)

通訊工具所傳達(dá)之競投信息(無論是否競投人本人或競投人的代理人傳

達(dá)),均視為競投人本人所為,競投人應(yīng)當(dāng)對其行為承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任,除非

競投人本人已以本公司認(rèn)可的書面方式變更了電話委託競投表格中填寫的

即時(shí)通訊方式。但在任何情況下,如未能聯(lián)絡(luò),或在使用該即時(shí)通訊工具

的競投中有任何錯誤、中斷或遺漏,本公司均不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。

第十七條 電話委託競投之免責(zé)

鑒於電話委託競投是本公司為競投人提供的代為傳遞競投信息的免費(fèi)服

務(wù),本公司及其工作人員對競投未成功或代理競投過程中出現(xiàn)的任何錯

誤、遺漏、疏忽、過失或無法代為競投等不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。

第十八條 拍賣官之決定權(quán)

拍賣官對下列事項(xiàng)具有絕對決定權(quán):

(一) 拒絕或接受任何競投;

(二) 以其決定之方式進(jìn)行拍賣;

(三) 將任何拍賣品撤回或分開拍賣,將任何兩件或多件拍賣品合併拍

賣;

(四) 如遇有出錯或爭議時(shí),不論在拍賣之時(shí)或拍賣之後,有權(quán)決定成功

競投者、是否繼續(xù)拍賣、取消拍賣或?qū)⒂袪幾h的拍賣品重新拍賣;

(五) 拍賣官可以在其認(rèn)為合適的水平及競價(jià)階梯下開始及進(jìn)行競投,並

有權(quán)代表賣家以競投或連續(xù)競投方式或以回應(yīng)其他競投人的競投價(jià)而競

投的方式,代賣家競投到底價(jià)的金額;

(六) 採取其合理認(rèn)為適當(dāng)之其他行動。

第十九條 不設(shè)底價(jià)

就不設(shè)底價(jià)的拍賣品,除非已有競投,否則拍賣官有權(quán)自行酌情決定開

價(jià)。若在此價(jià)格下並無競投,拍賣官會自行酌情將價(jià)格下降繼續(xù)拍賣,

直至有競投人開始競投,然後再由該競投價(jià)向上繼續(xù)拍賣。

第二十條 影像顯示板及貨幣兌換顯示板

本公司為方便競投人,可能於拍賣中使用影像投射或其他形式的顯示

板,所示內(nèi)容僅供參考。無論影像投射或其他形式的顯示板所示之?dāng)?shù)

額、拍賣品編號、拍賣品圖片或參考外匯金額等信息均有可能出現(xiàn)誤

差,本公司對因此誤差而導(dǎo)致的任何損失不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。

第二十一條 拍賣成交

最高競投價(jià)經(jīng)拍賣官落槌或者以其他公開表示買定的方式確認(rèn)時(shí),該競

投人競投成功,即表明該競投人成為拍賣品的買家,亦表明賣家與買家

之間具法律約束力的拍賣合約之訂立。

第二十二條 傭金及費(fèi)用

競投人競投成功後,即成為該拍賣品的買家。買家應(yīng)支付本公司傭

金,其計(jì)算方式如下: 每件拍賣品的落槌價(jià)中,在港元5,000,000或

以下之部分,該部分金額的傭金以20%計(jì)算;超過港元5,000,000至

港元20,000,000之部份,該部分金額的傭金以17%計(jì)算;超過港元

20,000,000之部份,該部分金額的傭金以14%計(jì)算。買家同時(shí)應(yīng)支付給

本公司其他買家負(fù)責(zé)的各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用,且認(rèn)可本公司可根據(jù)本公司賣家業(yè)務(wù)

規(guī)則的規(guī)定,向賣家收取傭金及其他賣家負(fù)責(zé)的各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用。

第二十三條 稅項(xiàng)

買家向本公司支付的所有款項(xiàng)均應(yīng)是淨(jìng)額的,不得包括任何貨物稅、服

務(wù)稅、關(guān)稅或者其他增值稅(不論是由香港或其他地區(qū)所徵收)。如有任

何適用於買家的稅費(fèi),買家應(yīng)根據(jù)現(xiàn)行相關(guān)法律規(guī)定自行負(fù)擔(dān)。

第二十四條 付款時(shí)間

拍賣成交後,除非另有書面約定,否則不論拍賣品之出口、進(jìn)口或其他

許可證(不論是否就時(shí)間)之任何規(guī)定,買家應(yīng)自拍賣成交日起七日內(nèi),

向本公司付清購買價(jià)款並提取拍賣品。若涉及包裝及搬運(yùn)費(fèi)用、運(yùn)輸及

保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用、出境費(fèi)等,買家需一併支付。

第二十五條 支付幣種

所有價(jià)款應(yīng)以港幣支付。如買家以港幣以外的其他貨幣支付,應(yīng)按買家與

本公司約定的匯價(jià)折算或按照香港匯豐銀行於買家付款日前一個工作日公

佈的港幣與該幣種的匯價(jià)折算。本公司為將買家所支付之該種外幣兌換成

港幣所引致之所有銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)、傭金或其他費(fèi)用,均由買家承擔(dān)。

第二十六條 所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移

即使本公司未將拍賣品交付給買家,買家已取得拍賣品之所有權(quán),但在

買家付清購買價(jià)款及所有買家欠付本公司、本公司的分部、附屬公司、

子公司、母公司、中國嘉德、中國嘉德的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母

公司的所有款項(xiàng)之前,本公司及/或賣方可以對拍賣品行使管有權(quán)及/或

留置權(quán)或法律容許的其它救濟(jì)。

第二十七條 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移

競投成功後,拍賣品的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)於下列任何一種情形發(fā)生後(以較早發(fā)生日期

為準(zhǔn))即由買家自行承擔(dān):

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(一) 買家提取所購拍賣品;或

(二) 買家向本公司支付有關(guān)拍賣品的全部購買價(jià)款;或

(三) 拍賣成交日起七日屆滿。

第二十八條 提取拍賣品

買家須在拍賣成交日起七日內(nèi),前往本公司地址或本公司指定之其他地

點(diǎn)提取所購買的拍賣品。買家須自行負(fù)責(zé)於風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移至買家後為所購拍

賣品購買保險(xiǎn)。若買家未能在拍賣成交日起七日內(nèi)提取拍賣品,則逾期

後對該拍賣品的相關(guān)保管、搬運(yùn)、保險(xiǎn)等費(fèi)用均由買家承擔(dān),且買家應(yīng)

對其所購拍賣品承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。逾期後,即使該拍賣品仍由本公司或其

他代理人代為保管,本公司及其工作人員或其代理人對任何原因所致的

該拍賣品的毀損、滅失,不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。

第二十九條 包裝及付運(yùn)

本公司工作人員根據(jù)買家要求代為包裝及處理購買的拍賣品,僅視為本

公司對買家提供的服務(wù),本公司可酌情決定是否提供此項(xiàng)服務(wù),若因此

發(fā)生任何損失均由買家自行承擔(dān)。在任何情況下,本公司對因任何原因

造成的玻璃或框架、囊匣、底墊、支架、裝裱、插冊、軸頭或類似附屬

物的損壞不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。此外,對於本公司向買家推薦的包裝公司及裝運(yùn)

公司所造成的一切錯誤、遺漏、損壞或滅失,本公司亦不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

第三十條 進(jìn)出口及許可證

買家須自行負(fù)責(zé)取得任何有關(guān)拍賣品進(jìn)出口、瀕臨絕種生物或其他方面

之許可證。未獲得任何所需之許可證或延誤取得該類許可證,不可被視

為買家取消購買或延遲支付購買價(jià)款之理由。本公司不承擔(dān)因不能填妥

或呈交所需出口或進(jìn)口貨單、清單或文件所產(chǎn)生之任何責(zé)任。

如買家要求本公司代其申請出口許可證,本公司則有權(quán)就此服務(wù)另行收

取服務(wù)費(fèi)用。然而,本公司不保證出口許可證將獲發(fā)放。本公司及賣家

概無就任何拍賣品是否受進(jìn)出口限制或任何禁運(yùn)作出聲明或保證。

第三十一條 未付款之補(bǔ)救方法及強(qiáng)制履行

若買家未按照本規(guī)則規(guī)定或未按照與本公司協(xié)定之任何付款安排足額付

款,本公司有權(quán)採取以下之一種或多種措施:

(一) 在拍賣成交日起七日內(nèi),如買家未向本公司付清全部購買價(jià)款,本

公司有權(quán)委託第三方機(jī)構(gòu)代為向買家催要欠付的全部或部分購買價(jià)款;

(二) 在拍賣成交日起七日內(nèi),如買家仍未足額支付購買價(jià)款,本公司有

權(quán)自拍賣成交日後第八日起就買家未付款部分按照日息萬分之三收取利

息,直至買家付清全部款項(xiàng)之日止,買家與本公司另有協(xié)議者除外;

(三) 在本公司或其他地方投保、移走及儲存拍賣品,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及費(fèi)用均由買

家承擔(dān);

(四) 對買家提起訴訟,要求賠償本公司因買家遲付或拒付款項(xiàng)造成的利

息損失;

(五) 留置同一買家在本公司投得的該件或任何其他拍賣品,以及因任何

原因由本公司佔(zhàn)有該買家的任何其他財(cái)產(chǎn)或財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利,留置期間發(fā)生的

一切費(fèi)用及/或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均由買家承擔(dān)。若買家未能在本公司指定時(shí)間內(nèi)履

行其全部相關(guān)義務(wù),則本公司有權(quán)在向買家發(fā)出行使留置權(quán)通知且買家

在該通知發(fā)出後三十日內(nèi)仍未償清所有欠付款項(xiàng)的情況下,處分留置

物。處分留置物所得不足抵償買家應(yīng)付本公司全部款項(xiàng)的,本公司有權(quán)

另行追索;

(六) 在拍賣成交日起九十日內(nèi),如買家仍未向本公司付清全部購買價(jià)款

的,本公司有絕對酌情決定權(quán)撤銷(但無義務(wù))或同意賣方撤銷交易,並

保留追索因撤銷該筆交易致使本公司所蒙受全部損失的權(quán)利;

(七) 將本公司、本公司的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司、中國嘉

德、中國嘉德的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司在任何其他交易中欠

付買家之款項(xiàng)抵銷買家欠付本公司關(guān)於拍賣品之任何款項(xiàng);

(八) 本公司可自行決定將買家支付的任何款項(xiàng)用於清償買家欠付本公

司、本公司的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司、中國嘉德、中國嘉德的

分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司關(guān)於拍賣品或其他交易之任何款項(xiàng);

(九) 拒絕買家或其代理人將來作出的競投,或在接受其競投前收取競投

保證金。

本公司知悉就拍賣品之買賣而言,是獨(dú)特和無可替代的,不論是賣方或

買方違約,一方向另一方支付損害賠償,均不是對守約方足夠的救濟(jì)。

因此,本公司、賣方和買方均同意,任何一方違約的,守約方可以向法

院申請強(qiáng)制履行的命令,要求違約方繼續(xù)履行其在本規(guī)則或其它相關(guān)文

件項(xiàng)下的義務(wù)。

第三十二條 延期提取拍賣品之補(bǔ)救方法

若買家未能在拍賣成交日起七日內(nèi)提取其購得的拍賣品,則本公司有權(quán)

採取以下之一種或多種措施:

(一) 將該拍賣品投保及/或儲存在本公司或其他地方,由此發(fā)生的一切

費(fèi)用(包括但不限於自拍賣成交日起的第三十一日起按競投人登記表格的

規(guī)定計(jì)收儲存費(fèi)等)及/或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均由買家承擔(dān)。在買家如數(shù)支付全部購買

價(jià)款後,方可提取拍賣品(包裝及搬運(yùn)費(fèi)用、運(yùn)輸及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用、出境費(fèi)等

自行負(fù)擔(dān));

(二) 買家應(yīng)對其超過本規(guī)則規(guī)定期限未能提取相關(guān)拍賣品而在該期限屆

滿後所發(fā)生之一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及費(fèi)用自行承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

第三十三條 有限保證

(一) 本公司對買家提供之一般保證:

如本公司所出售之拍賣品其後被發(fā)現(xiàn)為膺品,根據(jù)本規(guī)則之條款,本公

司將取消該交易,並將買家就該拍賣品支付予本公司之落槌價(jià)連同買家

傭金,以原交易之貨幣退還予買家。

就此而言,根據(jù)本公司合理之意見,膺品指仿製品,故意隱瞞或欺騙作

品出處、原產(chǎn)地、產(chǎn)出年數(shù)、年期、文化或來源等各方面,而上述各

項(xiàng)之正確描述並無收錄於目錄內(nèi)容(考慮任何專有詞彙)。拍賣品之任何

損毀及/或任何類型之復(fù)原品及/或修改品(包括重新塗漆或在其上塗

漆),不應(yīng)視為膺品。

謹(jǐn)請注意,如發(fā)生以下任何一種情況,本保證將不適用:

目錄內(nèi)容乃根據(jù)學(xué)者及專家於銷售日期獲普遍接納之意見,或該目錄內(nèi)

容顯示該等意見存在衝突;或

於銷售日期,證明該拍賣品乃膺品之唯一方法,並非當(dāng)時(shí)普遍可用或認(rèn)

可或價(jià)格極高或用途不切實(shí)際;或可能已對拍賣品造成損壞或可能(根據(jù)

本公司合理之意見)已令拍賣品喪失價(jià)值之方法;或

如根據(jù)拍賣品之描述,該拍賣品並無喪失任何重大價(jià)值。

(二) 本保證所規(guī)定之期限為相關(guān)拍賣日後五年內(nèi),純粹提供給買家之獨(dú)

享利益,且不可轉(zhuǎn)移至任何第三方。為能依據(jù)本保證申索,買家必須:

在收到任何導(dǎo)致買家質(zhì)疑拍賣品之真?zhèn)位驅(qū)傩灾Y料後三個月內(nèi)以書面

通知本公司,註明拍賣品編號、購買該拍賣品之日期及被認(rèn)為是膺品之

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理由;

將狀況與銷售予買家當(dāng)日相同,並能轉(zhuǎn)移其妥善所有權(quán)且自銷售日期後

並無出現(xiàn)任何第三方申索之拍賣品退還予本公司。

(三) 有關(guān)現(xiàn)代及當(dāng)代藝術(shù)、中國油畫以及中國書畫,雖然目前學(xué)術(shù)界不

容許對此類別作出確實(shí)之說明,但本公司保留酌情權(quán)按本保證但以拍賣

日後一年內(nèi)為限取消證實(shí)為膺品之現(xiàn)代及當(dāng)代藝術(shù)、中國油畫以及中國

書畫拍賣品之交易;已付之款項(xiàng)按本條規(guī)定退還予買家,但買家必須在

拍賣日起一年內(nèi)向本公司提供證據(jù)(按本條第(二)、(四)款規(guī)定的方式),

證實(shí)該拍賣品為膺品;

(四) 本公司可酌情決定豁免上述任何規(guī)定。本公司有權(quán)要求買家索取兩

名為本公司及買家雙方接納之獨(dú)立及行內(nèi)認(rèn)可專家之報(bào)告,費(fèi)用由買家

承擔(dān)。本公司無須受買家出示之任何報(bào)告所規(guī)限,並保留權(quán)利尋求額外

之專家意見,費(fèi)用由本公司自行承擔(dān)。

第三十四條 資料獲取、錄影

就經(jīng)營本公司的拍賣業(yè)務(wù)方面,本公司可能對任何拍賣過程進(jìn)行錄音、

錄影及記錄,亦需要向競投人搜集個人資料或向第三方索取有關(guān)競投

人的資料(例如向銀行索取信用審核)。這些資料會由本公司處理並且保

密,唯有關(guān)資料有可能根據(jù)本規(guī)則的目的或其它合法目的,提供給本公

司、本公司的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司、中國嘉德、中國嘉德

的分部、附屬公司、子公司、母公司,以協(xié)助本公司為競投人提供完善

的服務(wù)、進(jìn)行客戶分析,或以便提供符合競投人要求的服務(wù)。在本規(guī)則

項(xiàng)下的交易完成後(如適用),本公司可在法律容許的合理時(shí)間內(nèi),保存

及使用已收集的個人資料。如競投人或買家欲查閱及/或更正存於本公

司的個人資料,可書面致函本公司(連同合理的行政費(fèi))提出有關(guān)要求。

為了競投人的權(quán)益,本公司亦可能需要向第三方服務(wù)供應(yīng)商(例如船運(yùn)公

司或存?zhèn)}公司)提供競投人的部份個人資料。競投人參與本公司的拍賣,

即表示競投人同意上文所述。如競投人欲獲取或更改個人資料,請與客

戶服務(wù)部聯(lián)絡(luò)。

第三十五條 版權(quán)

賣家授權(quán)本公司對其委託本公司拍賣的任何拍賣品製作照片、圖示、圖

錄或其他形式的影像製品和宣傳品,本公司享有上述照片、圖示、圖錄

或其他形式的影像製品和宣傳品的版權(quán),有權(quán)對其依法加以無償使用。

未經(jīng)本公司事先書面同意,買家及任何人不得使用。本公司及賣家均並

未作出拍賣品是否受版權(quán)所限或買家是否取得拍賣品之任何版權(quán)的陳述

及保證。

第三十六條 通知

競投人及買家均應(yīng)將其固定有效的通訊地址和聯(lián)絡(luò)方式以競投登記文

件或其他本公司認(rèn)可的方式告知本公司,若有改變,應(yīng)立即書面告知

本公司。

本規(guī)則中所提及之通知,僅指以信函、電子郵件、傳真或透過本公司

APP用戶端(“APP用戶端”)形式發(fā)出的書面通知。該等通知在下列時(shí)間

視為送達(dá):

(一) 如是專人送達(dá)的,當(dāng)送到有關(guān)方之地址時(shí);

(二) 如是以郵寄方式發(fā)出的,則為郵寄日之後第七天;

(三) 如是以傳真方式發(fā)出的,當(dāng)發(fā)送傳真機(jī)確認(rèn)發(fā)出時(shí);

(四) 如果是以電子郵件形式發(fā)出的,當(dāng)在電子郵件記錄上確認(rèn)發(fā)出之時(shí);

(五) 如本公司透過APP用戶端方式發(fā)出的,則發(fā)送當(dāng)日為競投人及買家

收到該通知日期。

第三十七條 可分割性

如本規(guī)則之任何條款或部分因任何理由被認(rèn)定為無效、不合法或不可執(zhí)

行,本規(guī)則其他條款或部分仍然有效,相關(guān)各方應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守、執(zhí)行。

第三十八條 法律及管轄權(quán)

(一) 本規(guī)則及其相關(guān)事宜、交易、因依照本規(guī)則參加本公司拍賣活動而

引起或與之有關(guān)的任何爭議,均受香港法律規(guī)管並由香港法律解釋。

(二) 受制於第三十八(三)條的規(guī)定,香港法院對本公司拍賣活動而引

起或與之有關(guān)的任何爭議(“該爭議”)擁有專屬管轄權(quán)。本公司、買

家及競投人同意香港法院為最合適及便利的法院以解決該爭議。因此,

任何一方不會就此提出反對。

(三) 本第三十八(三)條只受益於本公司。本公司有權(quán)於任何其他具管

轄權(quán)的法院就該爭議提起訴訟而不受任何限制。在法律允許的範(fàn)圍內(nèi),

本公司可在若干司法管轄區(qū)同時(shí)進(jìn)行訴訟。

第三十九條 語言文本

本規(guī)則以中文為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文本,英文文本為參考文本。

英文文本如與中文文本有任何不一致之處,以中文文本為準(zhǔn)。

第四十條 規(guī)則版權(quán)所有

本規(guī)則由本公司制訂和修改,相應(yīng)版權(quán)歸本公司所有。未經(jīng)本公司事先

書面許可,任何人不得以任何方式或手段,利用本規(guī)則獲取商業(yè)利益,

亦不得對本規(guī)則之任何部分進(jìn)行複製、傳送或儲存於可檢索系統(tǒng)中。

第四十一條 適用時(shí)期

本規(guī)則只適用於本次拍賣,本公司可不時(shí)更新本規(guī)則,競投人和買家參

與另一次拍賣的時(shí)候應(yīng)以當(dāng)時(shí)適用的買家業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則為準(zhǔn)。

第四十二條 解釋權(quán)

日常執(zhí)行本規(guī)則時(shí),本規(guī)則的解釋權(quán)由本公司行使。如買家、賣家與本

公司發(fā)生法律爭議,在解決該爭議時(shí),本規(guī)則的解釋權(quán)由具管轄權(quán)的法

院行使。

版本日期:2022年5月11日

本公司地址:香港金鐘道89號力寶中心一座五樓

第193頁

The following provisions may be amended by public notice or verbal notifi cation

during the auction. By bidding at the auction, the Bidder agrees to be bound by the

following provisions.

Article 1 China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd. as the Auction Agent

Unless otherwise provided, China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd. shall

serve as the Seller’s agent. The contract for the sale of the Auction Property shall

be the contract between the Seller and the Buyer. These Conditions, the Conditions

of Business for Sellers, and all other terms, conditions and notices contained in the

catalogue, announced by the Auctioneer or provided in the auction venue in the

form of an announcement shall constitute the terms agreed among the Seller, the

Buyer and/or China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd. as the auction agent.

Article 2 Defi nitions and Explanations

1. The following terms herein shall have the meanings assigned to them below:

(1) “Company” means China Guardian (Hong Kong) Auctions Co., Ltd.;

(2) “China Guardian” means China Guardian Auctions Co., Ltd., with its domicile

at 3/F, Offi ce Area, Guardian Art Center, No.1 Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng

District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;

(3) “Seller” means any person, company, body corporate or entity that offers

Auction Property for sale. Unless otherwise stated or specifi cally required by the

context, the term “Seller” herein shall include the Seller’s agent (excluding the

Company), executor or personal representative;

(4) “Bidder” means any person, company, body corporate or entity that

contemplates, makes or attempts a bid in any manner. Unless otherwise stated

or specifi cally required by the context, the term “Bidder” herein shall include the

Bidder’s agent;

(5) “Buyer” means the Bidder, including the principal of a person bidding as an

agent, the highest bid or off er of whom is accepted by the Auctioneer in the

auction held by the Company;

(6) “Buyer’s Commission” means the commission that the Buyer must pay to the

Company based on the Hammer Price at the rate specifi ed herein;

(7) “Auction Property” means the item(s) that the Seller consigns to the Company

for auction and which are auctioned off at the auction;

(8) “Auction Date” means, for a particular auction, the date announced by the

company on which the auction will offi cially commence;

(9) “Sale Date” means the date on which the transaction of an Auction Property

is confi rmed by the striking of the hammer by the Auctioneer or other public

indication by the Auctioneer that a transaction has been struck in the auction

held by the Company;

(10) “Auctioneer” means the person that the Company designates to preside over

a particular auction;

(11) “Hammer Price” means the price at which the Auctioneer strikes the hammer,

deciding the sale of the Auction Property to the Buyer, or, in the case of a

post-auction transaction, the agreed upon sale price;

(12) “Purchase Price” means the total amount that the Buyer is required to pay for

his or her purchase of an Auction Property, including the Hammer Price plus

the Buyer’s Commission, and the taxes, levies, interest and various charges

payable by the Buyer;

(13) “Buyer Charges” means the expenditures and expenses relating to the sale of

an Auction Property by the Company, including but not limited to the charges

for insurance, packing, transport, storage and custody that the Company is

required to purchase in respect of the Auction Property, expenses for testing,

investigation, searching or authentication of an Auction Property additionally

requested by the Buyer and additional expenditures and legal expenses

incurred in seeking recourse against a defaulting Buyer;

(14) “Reserve” means the confidential minimum selling price for an Auction

Property determined by the Seller and the Company;

(15) “Estimated Price” means the estimated sales price of an Auction Property

indicated in the catalogue or after other descriptive text, and excluding the

Buyer’s Commission;

(16) “Storage Fee” means the charge for storage that the Buyer is required to pay

to the Company in accordance herewith.

2. As required by the context, the singular of a term herein includes the plural

thereof, and vice versa. Unless otherwise required by the context:

(i) the Buyer and the Company are herein collectively referred to as the “Parties”,

and a “Party” refers to either Party;

(ii) Any mention of legal provisions shall be construed as including any future

amendments to, or re-enactment of, such provisions;

(iii) Any mention of “person” shall include natural persons, companies, legal

persons, enterprises, partnerships, individual proprietorships, governmental

or social organizations and organizations comprised of more than one of the

foregoing;

(iv) Any mention of “Article” or “Clause” refers to the Articles or Clauses hereof;

(v) The headings are provided for ease of reference only, and shall not aff ect the

interpretation hereof.

Article 3 Applicable Scope

All Bidders, Buyers and other concerned parties participating in the auction of such

collectibles as cultural artifacts, works of art, etc. organized and conducted by the

Company shall act in accordance herewith.

Article 4 Special Notice

All Bidders and Buyers participating in the auction by the Company shall carefully

read and abide by these Conditions, and, in particular, they shall carefully read the

provisions hereof on the liability of the Company, the restrictive provisions, and the

disclaimers. The Bidder and/or his or her agent is/are responsible for viewing the

original Auction Properties in person, and shall be legally liable for his or her bidding

on the Auction Properties. The Company may at its own discretion postpone or

cancel any auction due to weather or other reasons and shall not be liable to make

any compensation to the Bidder.

Article 5 Responsibilities of the Bidder and the Company in Respect of the

Auction Properties

1. The Company’s perception of an Auction Property is partly dependent on the

information provided by the Seller, the Company is in no position to and will not

carry out comprehensive due diligence of the Auction Properties. The Bidder is

aware of this and shall be responsible for inspecting and examining the original

Auction Properties so as to satisfy himself or herself in respect of those Auction

Properties which he or she may be interested in.

2. All Auction Properties to be sold by the Company are available for viewing by

the Bidder before sale. Where the Bidder and/or his or her agent participates

in bidding, the Bidder shall be deemed as having thoroughly examined the

Auction Properties, and to be satisfi ed with the condition of, and the accuracy

of the description of, the Auction Properties.

3. The Bidder confi rms that numerous Auction Properties are of great age and

of special types, meaning that they are not necessarily sound and free from

defects. All Auction Properties are sold “as is” at the time of the auction

(whether or not the Bidder attends the auction in person). Condition reports

may be provided at the time of viewing the Auction Properties. Under certain

CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS FOR BUYERS

第194頁

circumstances, the catalogue descriptions and condition reports may serve

as reference about certain defects in the Auction Properties. Nevertheless,

the Bidder should note that the Auction Properties may have other defects not

expressly stated in the catalogue or condition reports.

4. The information concerning any Auction Property provided to the Bidder,

including any forecast information (written or verbal), and any information,

rules or other reports, commentaries or estimated values contained in the

catalogues, are not statements of fact, but rather statements of the opinions

held by the Company. Such information may be revised at the sole discretion of

the Company from time to time.

5. Neither the Company nor the Seller gives any representations or warranties

as to whether any Auction Property is subject to any copyright or whether the

Buyer has bought the copyright in any Auction Property.

6. Subject to Articles 5(1) to 5(5) and the specifi c exemptions contained in Article

6 hereof, the catalogue descriptions and condition reports are made by the

Company in a reasonable and prudent manner (consistent with the provisions

relating to the Company as the Auction Agent) based on (1) the information

provided by the Seller to the Company; (2) academic and technical knowledge (if

any); and (3) generally accepted opinions of relevant experts.

Article 6 Exemption of Liability Toward the Buyer and Limitations

1. Subject to Article 5 and Articles 6(1) and 6(4) hereof, the Company or the Seller

shall not:

(1) be liable for any errors or omissions in the information provided by the

Company to the Bidder, whether verbally or in writing, regardless of whether

due to negligence or otherwise;

(2) give any guarantee or warranty to the Bidder, and any implied warranties or

conditions other than the express warranties given by the Seller to the Buyer

through the Company are excluded (except where it is provided in law that such

liabilities may not be exempted);

(3) be liable to any Bidder for any actions or omissions in respect of any matter

relating to the auction or sale of any Auction Property by the Company (regardless

of whether due to negligence or otherwise).

2. Unless the Company owns the Auction Property to be sold, it shall not be liable

for any breach of these Conditions by the Seller.

3. Without prejudice to Article 6(1) hereof, the amount of any claim that a Bidder

may lodge against the Company or the Seller shall be limited to the Hammer

Price of the Auction Property and the Buyer’s Commission. Under no

circumstance shall the Company or the Seller bear any consequential losses

incurred by the Buyer.

4. Article 6 hereof does not exempt or restrict the liability of the Company for any

fraudulent misrepresentation made by the Company or the Seller, nor for any

personal injury or death arising due to the negligence of or an omission by the

Company or the Seller.

Article 7 Catalogue and Other Descriptions of the Auction Property

All statements made by the Company about an Auction Property in the catalogue or

in the condition reports, or separately made verbally or in writing, are statements of

opinion only, and shall not be relied upon as statements of fact. Such statements do

not constitute any representation, warranty or assumption of liability by the Company

in any form. The relevant defects and restorations mentioned in the catalogue

or the condition report for an Auction Property are for guidance only and shall be

reviewed in person by the Bidder or a representative with the relevant knowledge.

The absence of a reference to the above-mentioned information does not mean that

the Auction Property is completely free from defects or has never been restored.

Furthermore, even if reference is made to a specifi c defect, this does not mean there

are no other defects.

Where there is a discrepancy between the tone, colour, texture or shape of an

Auction Property in the catalogue and/or in any other manner of illustration, video

recording or publicity materials and that of the original, due to printing, photographic

or other such technical reason, the actual Auction Property shall prevail.

Bibliographies cited in any description of an Auction Property by the Company, its

employees or its agents are for the Bidder’s reference only. The Company will not

provide the originals or photocopies of the bibliographic publications or other such

materials, and reserves the right to revise the cited descriptions.

Article 8 Reserve and Estimated Price

A Reserve is set for all of the Company’s Auction Properties, unless it is indicated

or stated that an Auction Property is not subject to such a Reserve. In general, the

Reserve is not higher than the low Estimated Price announced or published before

the auction by the Company. If a Reserve has not been set for an Auction Property,

unless there already have been bids, the Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her

discretion, to decide the starting price, which, however, may not be higher than the

low Estimated Price of the Auction Property before the auction.

Under no circumstance shall the Company bear any liability in the event that the

bids for an Auction Property fail to reach the Reserve at the auction held by the

Company. If the bids for an Auction Property are lower than the Reserve, the

Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her discretion, to sell the Auction Property

at a price lower than the Reserve. However, under such a circumstance, the amount

that the Company shall pay the Seller shall be the amount that the Seller would have

received had the Auction Property been sold at the Reserve.

An Estimated Price is estimated some time before the Auction Date, is not a

defi nitive selling price, and is not legally binding. No Estimated Price may serve as

a forecast of the Hammer Price for an Auction Property, and the Company has the

right to revise from time to time Estimated Price(s) that have already been made.

Article 9 Bidding at Auction

Bidders shall bid through the following methods:

1. The Bidder shall attend the auction in person, and complete the registration and

pay a bid deposit before obtaining a paddle as required, subject to Article 10 to

Article 12 hereof; or

2. Subject to Article 15 hereof, the Bidder may appoint the Company in writing

to bid on his or her behalf by a duly completed and signed Telephone Bidding

Form of the Company (“Telephone Bidding Form”); or

3. The Bidder shall adopt the Live Auction Platform which authorized by the

Company.

Article 10 Bidder Registration

Where the Bidder is an individual, he or she shall fi ll in and sign before the Auction

Date the registration documents on the strength of an identity document with

photo issued by the government (such as a resident identity card or passport),

and provide proof of his or her current address (e.g. a utility bill or bank statement);

where the Bidder is a company or other organization, it shall fill in and sign the

registration documents on the strength of its valid incorporation document, proof

of shareholding and lawful authorization document, and collect a paddle before the

Auction Date. The Company may request the Bidder to present banking information

for making payment or other proof of fi nancial standing.

Article 11 Paddle

The Company may, depending on the auction conditions and auction method,

announce before the Auction Date the conditions and procedures for obtaining a

paddle, including but not limited to formulating the qualifi cation conditions necessary

for Bidders to carry out the procedures for obtaining a paddle.

The Company solemnly reminds the Bidder that a paddle is the sole proof for the

Bidder to participate in the bidding in person. The Bidder shall keep the same in

safe custody and may not lend the same to other persons. In the event it is lost,

the Bidder shall promptly carry out the loss report procedures by way of a written

method approved by the Company.

All of the bidding acts carried out during the auction by a paddle holder, regardless

of whether he or she has been appointed by the Bidder, shall be deemed as having

been done by the paddle registrant himself or herself, and the Bidder shall bear the

legal liability for the acts of such person, unless the paddle registrant has himself

or herself carried out with the Company the procedures for reporting the loss of a

paddle by way of a written method approved by the Company, and the paddle in

question is declared void by the Auctioneer on the spot.

Article 12 Bid Deposit

When the Bidder participates in the Company’s auction, he or she shall pay a

bid deposit before collecting the paddle. The amount of the bid deposit shall be

announced by the Company before the Auction Date, and the Company has

the right to reduce or waive the bid deposit. If the Bidder fails to buy an Auction

Property and does not have any amounts owing to the Company, its divisions,

affiliates, subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affiliates,

subsidiaries or parent, the entire amount of the bid deposit shall be refunded to the

Bidder without interest within 14 working days after conclusion of the auction. If the

Bidder becomes the Buyer, the bid deposit shall automatically be transformed into

第195頁

the deposit for payment of the Purchase Price of the Auction Property.

Article 13 Discretion of the Company

The Company has the right, at its discretion, to refuse anyone from participating

in the auction held by the Company, entering the auction venue, or taking photos,

audio recordings or video recordings, etc. in the auction venue.

Article 14 Bidding as Principal

Unless a particular Bidder has presented written proof to the Company indicating

that he or she is the agent of a particular Bidder and the same has been approved

in writing by the Company, each Bidder shall be deemed to be the Bidder himself or

herself.

Article 15 Telephone Bids

The Bidder shall attend the auction in person. If he or she cannot attend in person

or by way of an agent, he or she may appoint the Company in writing using the

Telephone Bidding Form to bid on his or her behalf. The Company shall have the

discretion to decide whether or not to accept such an appointment.

If the Bidder wishes to appoint the Company to bid on his or her behalf, he or she

should have completed the appointment procedures of the bids by the prescribed

deadline (no later than 24 hours before the Auction Date), present a duly completed

and signed Telephone Bidding Form to the Company, and paid the bid deposit

pursuant to these Conditions.

If, having appointed the Company to bid on his or her behalf, the Bidder wishes to

cancel the appointment, he or she shall notify the Company in writing no later than

24 hours before the Auction Date.

Article 16 Outcome of Telephone Bid

If the Bidder has appointed the Company to bid on his or her behalf, the bid

outcome and relevant legal liabilities shall be borne by him or her.

The Bidder shall accurately provide the instant communication method (such as

mobile phone number) and keep such instant communication instrument in safe

custody. While the Company is appointed to bid on the behalf of the Bidder, the

Bidder shall personally use the instant communication instrument. In event of loss

of, or loss of the control of, the instant communication instrument in question, the

Bidder shall promptly revise by way of a written method approved by the Company

the instant communication method provided on the Telephone Bidding Form.

While the Company is appointed to bid on the Bidder’s behalf, it will (use timely

and appropriate effort) to contact the Bidder, and all of the bidding information

transmitted by the instant communication instrument (regardless of whether it

is transmitted by the Bidder himself or herself or the Bidder’s Agent) shall be

deemed as having been transmitted by the Bidder himself or herself, and the

Bidder shall be legally liable for the actions thereof, unless the Buyer has himself or

herself altered by way of a written method approved by the Company the instant

communication method provided on the Telephone Bidding Form. Nevertheless,

under no circumstance shall the Company be liable for any unsuccessful attempt

to make contact or for any errors or omissions in the bids made using the instant

communication instrument in question.

Article 17 Disclaimer of Liability for Telephone Bid

Given that telephone bidding is a free service provided by the Company to the

Bidder for the purpose of transmitting bidding information, neither the Company

nor its employees shall be liable for unsuccessful bids or any errors, omissions,

negligence, fault or inability to bid on the Bidder’s behalf arising in the course of the

bidding on the Bidder’s behalf.

Article 18 Discretion of the Auctioneer

The Auctioneer shall have the absolute right of discretion in respect of the following

matters:

1. to refuse or accept any bid;

2. to conduct the auction in the manner he or she decides;

3. to withdraw any Auction Property, divide it into separate lots for auction or

combine any two or more Auction Properties and auction them together;

4. where an error or dispute occurs, whether during or after the auction, to decide

the successful Bidder, whether or not to continue the auction, to cancel the

auction or to auction the disputed Auction Property anew;

5. to open and conduct the bidding at the level and at bid increments that he or

she deems appropriate, and to bid on behalf of the Seller up to the amount of

the Reserve, by making a bid, by making consecutive bids or by making bids in

response to the bids of other Bidders;

6. to take other actions that he or she reasonably deems appropriate.

Article 19 No Reserve

For those Auction Properties without a Reserve, unless there are bids, the

Auctioneer shall have the right, at his or her own discretion, to decide the starting

price. If there are no bids at such price, the Auctioneer will, at his or her own

discretion, lower the price and continue the auction until a Bidder starts to bid,

whereupon he will increase the price from there and continue the auction.

Article 20 Image Display Panel and Currency Conversion Display Panel

For the convenience of Bidders, the Company may use image projection or other

manner of display panel during the auction. The information shown thereon shall

be provided for reference only. Regardless of whether there may be errors in the

information, such as the amount, reference number of an Auction Property, the

picture of an Auction Property or reference foreign exchange amount, etc., shown

on the image projection or other manner of display panel, the Company shall not be

liable for any losses arising as a result thereof.

Article 21 Successful Sale

Upon the confi rmation of the highest bid by the striking of the hammer or otherwise

by the Auctioneer, such Bidder’s bid shall be the successful bid, indicating that he or

she has become the Buyer of the Auction Property, and that a binding sales contract

has been concluded between the Seller and the Buyer.

Article 22 Commission and Charges

Once the Bidder has made a successful bid, he or she becomes the Buyer of

the Auction Property. The Buyer shall pay to the Company a commission to be

calculated as follows: For each Auction Property, those part of Hammer Price which

is HKD5 million or below, the commission shall be equivalent to 20% of the Hammer

Price; for each Auction Property whose Hammer Price exceeds HKD5 million, the

commission applicable to those part of the Hammer Price between HKD5 million

to HKD20 million shall be equivalent to 17% thereof and the commission applicable

to those part of the Hammer Price above HKD20 million shall be equivalent to 14 %

thereof. The Buyer shall also pay to the Company other Buyer Charges, and accepts

that the Company may charge the Seller a commission and other Seller charges in

accordance with the Conditions of Business for Sellers.

Article 23 Taxes

All the monies paid to the Company by the Buyer shall be the net amount, exclusive

of any tax on goods, tax on services or other value added tax (whether levied by

Hong Kong or another region). If any taxes or levies are applicable to the Buyer, he

or she shall solely bear the same in accordance with the relevant laws currently in

force.

Article 24 Payment Deadline

Unless otherwise agreed in writing, after a sale, the Buyer shall pay the Purchase

Price in full to the Company and collect the Auction Property within seven days from

the Sale Date, regardless of any export, import or other permit regulations for the

Auction Property. All packing and handling charges, freight and insurance charges,

export related charges, etc. involved, if any, shall be paid by the Buyer together with

the foregoing.

Article 25 Payment Currency

All monies shall be paid in Hong Kong dollars. If the Buyer pays in a currency other

than the Hong Kong dollar, the same shall be converted at the exchange rate agreed

between the Buyer and the Company or at the exchange rate for the Hong Kong

dollar and the currency in question posted by The Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking

Corporation Ltd. one working day prior to the date of payment by the Buyer. All

bank service charges, commissions and other charges incurred by the Company in

converting the foreign currency paid by the Buyer into Hong Kong dollars shall be

borne by the Buyer.

Article 26 Transfer of Ownership

Even if the Auction Property has not been delivered to the Buyer by the Company,

the Buyer shall have secured ownership of the Auction Property but before he or

she has paid in full the Purchase Price and all amounts that he or she may owe the

第196頁

Company, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent company, or China Guardian,

its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or parent company, the Company and/or the

Seller reserve the right of possession /lien or any other lawful relieves.

Article 27 Transfer of Risks

Once a successful bid has been made, the risks attaching to the Auction Property

shall be solely borne by the Buyer once any of the following circumstances (whichever

is earlier) arises:

1. the Buyer collects the Auction Property; or

2. the Buyer pays all of the Purchase Price for the Auction Property to the

Company; or

3. the lapse of seven days after the Sale Date.

Article 28 Collection of the Auction Property

The Buyer must, within seven days from the Sale Date, proceed to the Company’s

address or other location designated by the Company to collect the Auction

Property he or she purchased. The Buyer shall be solely responsible for purchasing

insurance for the Auction Property he or she purchased once the risks pass to him

or her. If the Buyer fails to collect the Auction Property within seven days from the

Sale Date, he or she shall bear all of the relevant costs for storing, handling, insuring,

etc. the Auction Property in question, and he or she shall bear all of the liability

for the Auction Property he or she purchased. Furthermore, notwithstanding the

Auction Property remaining in the custody of the Company or another agent, none

of the Company, its employees or agents shall be liable for damage to or loss of the

Auction Property, regardless of the reason the same arises.

Article 29 Packing and Shipping

The packing and processing by the employees of the Company of the purchased

Auction Property as required by the Buyer shall solely be deemed as a service

provided by the Company to the Buyer, and the Company may decide at its own

discretion whether to provide such service. If any losses arise therefrom, they

shall solely be borne by the Buyer. Under no circumstance shall the Company be

liable for damage to glass or frame, box, backing sheet, stand, mounting, inserts,

rolling rod or other similar auxiliary object arising for any reason. Furthermore, the

Company shall not be liable for any errors, omissions, damage or loss caused by

the packing company or removal company recommended by the Company to the

Buyer.

Article 30 Import/Export and Permits

The Buyer shall himself or herself be responsible for securing any relevant import

and export, endangered species or other permit for the Auction Property. A failure

or delay in obtaining any required permit shall not be deemed as grounds for

cancelling the purchase or delaying payment of the Purchase Price by the Buyer.

The Company shall not bear any liability for the failure to duly complete or submit the

required import or export waybill, list or documents.

If the Buyer requests that the Company apply for an export permit on his or her

behalf, the Company shall have the right to charge him or her a separate service

fee for such service. However, the Company does not warrant that such export

permit will be issued. Neither the Company nor the Seller gives any representations

or warranties as to whether or not any Auction Property is subject to import/export

restrictions or any embargo.

Article 31 Remedies for Non-Payment and Specifi c Performance

If the Buyer fails to make payment in full pursuant to these Conditions or any

payment arrangement agreed with the Company, the Company shall have the right

to take one or more of the following measures:

1. If the Buyer fails to pay all of the Purchase Price in full to the Company within

7 days from the Sale Date, the Company shall have the right to engage a third

party organization to collect all or part of the outstanding Purchase Price from

the Buyer;

2. If the Buyer fails to pay the Purchase Price in full within 7 days from the Sale

Date, the Company shall have the right to charge interest at the rate 0.03% per

day on the Buyer’s outstanding amount starting from the 8th day after the Sale

Date until the date on which the Buyer pays the entire amount in full, unless the

Buyer and the Company agree otherwise;

3. All risks and charges relating to insurance coverage taken out on the Auction

Property, removal thereof, or storage thereof, at or from the Company or

elsewhere shall be borne by the Buyer;

4. To institute a legal action against the Buyer, demanding that he or she

compensate it for all the losses incurred as a result of his or her breach of

contract, including the interest losses arising due to delay in payment or refusal

to pay by the Buyer;

5. To exercise a lien on the Auction Property in question and any other Auction

Property of the Buyer purchased under the auspices of the Company, and any

other property or property rights of the Buyer that may be in the Company’s

possession for any reason, and all expenses and/or risks arising during the

duration of the lien shall be borne by the Buyer. If the Buyer fails to perform all

of his or her relevant obligations by the deadline designated by the Company,

the Company shall have the right to dispose of the subject matter of the lien

after issuing notice to the Buyer that it is exercising its lien rights and if the

Buyer fails to discharge all outstanding amounts within 30 days after issuance

of such notice. If the proceeds from the disposal of the subject matter of

the lien are insufficient to offset all the monies payable by the Buyer to the

Company, the Company shall have the right to separately recover the same;

6. If the Buyer still has not paid all of the Purchase Price in full to the Company

within 90 days from the Sale Date, the Company shall have the right (but shall

not be obliged) to decide, at its absolute discretion, to cancel the transaction

or agree to cancellation of the transaction by the Seller, and reserves the right

to recover all of the losses suff ered by the Company due to cancellation of the

transaction;

7. To offset any amount related to the Auction Property owed by the Buyer to

the Company against any amount owed from any other transaction by the

Company, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its

divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent to the Buyer;

8. To decide at its discretion to use any monies paid by the Buyer to discharge the

amount owed by the Buyer to the Company, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries

or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affi liates, subsidiaries or parent in

connection with the Auction Property or other transaction;

9. To refuse any future bids made by the Buyer or his or her agent, or to charge

him or her a bid deposit before accepting his or her bids;

The Company is aware that the Auction Property is unique and irreplaceable, if either

the Seller or the Buyer defaults, the payment of damages by one party to another

shall not be a suffi cient remedy to the observant party. Accordingly, the Company,

the Buyer and the Seller agree that any such breach, the observant party may apply

to the court to order specifi c performance, requiring the defaulting party to perform

his/her obligations under these Conditions or their ancillary documents.

Article 32 Remedies for Delay in Collecting the Auction Property

If the Buyer fails to collect the purchased Auction Property within seven days from

the Sale Date, the Company shall have the right to take one or more of the following

measures:

1. To take out insurance coverage for the Auction Property and/or store the same

on Company premises or elsewhere, with all of the costs (including but not

limited to charging the Storage Fee specifi ed on the Bidder Registration Form

from the 31st day following the Sale Date) and/or risks arising therefrom borne

by the Buyer. In such a case, the Buyer may collect the Auction Property

(packing and handling charges, freight and insurance charges, export related

charges at the sole expense of the Buyer) only after he or she has paid all of the

Purchase Price in full;

2. If the Buyer fails to collect the relevant Auction Property by the deadline

prescribed herein, he or she shall solely be liable for all the risks and expenses

arising after the expiration of such deadline.

Article 33 Limited Warranties

1. The general warranties provided to the Buyer by the Company are as set forth

below:

If it is discovered after an Auction Property is sold by the Company that the

same is a forgery, the Company will, in accordance herewith, cancel the

transaction and refund to the Buyer in the original currency the Hammer price

together with the Buyer’s Commission paid by the Buyer to the Company in

respect of the Auction Property.

For the purposes of the foregoing, a forgery, based on the reasonable opinion of

the Company, means such things as a forged work or intentional concealment

or a fraudulent claim in respect of the source, place of origin, date, production

year, age, culture or origin, etc. of a work, and a correct description of the

foregoing is not included in the catalogue (considering any terms of art). Any

第197頁

damage to an Auction Property and/or any manner of restored piece and/or

any repaired piece (including repainting or overpainting) shall not be deemed a

forgery.

Please note that the foregoing warranty shall not apply if:

(1) The information in the catalogue is based on the generally accepted opinions of

academics and experts on the selling date, or said information in the catalogue

indicates that there exist confl icts in such opinions; or

(2) On the selling date, the only means of proving that the Auction Property in

question is a forgery is not generally available or recognized at such time, is

extremely expensive or is impractical; or may already have caused damage to

the Auction Property or may (in the reasonable opinion of the Company) already

have caused the Auction Property to lose value; or

(3) If, based on its description, the Auction Property has not lost any material value.

2. The period specifi ed by this warranty simply provides the Buyer an exclusive

non-transferrable benefi t for 5 years after the relevant Auction Date. To lodge a

claim based on this warranty, the Buyer must:

(1) notify the Company in writing within three months after the receipt of any

information which leads the Buyer to doubt the authenticity or attributes of

the Auction Property, specifying the reference number of the Auction Property,

the date on which the Auction Property was purchased and the reasons for

believing that the Auction Property is a forgery;

(2) return the Auction Property to the Company in a condition identical to that on

the date on which it was sold to the Buyer, and provided that good title thereto

is transferrable and no third party claims have been made in respect thereof

since the selling date.

3. With respect to contemporary and modern art, Chinese oil paintings and

Chinese paintings and calligraphy, although academic circles do not permit

the making of defi nitive statements in respect thereof at present, the Company

reserves the discretion, pursuant to this warranty, to cancel transactions of

contemporary and modern art, Chinese oil paintings and Chinese paintings

and calligraphy that are confi rmed to be forgeries, but only within one year after

the Auction Date. The amount paid shall be refunded to the Buyer pursuant to

this Article, provided that the Buyer provides to the Company evidence (by the

methods set forth in clauses 2 and 4 of this Article) confi rming that the Auction

Property is a forgery within one year from the Auction Date;

4. The Company may, at its discretion, decide to waive any of the foregoing

provisions. The Company shall have the right to request that the Buyer obtain,

at his or her expense, reports from two experts acceptable to the Company and

the Buyer who are independent and recognized in the industry. The Company

shall not be subject to any report presented by the Buyer, and reserves the right

to seek the opinion of additional experts at its own expense.

Article 34 Obtaining Information, Video Taking

With respect to the operation of the Company’s auction business, the Company may

make audio recordings, video recordings or keep a record of any auction process,

and may need to collect personal information from the Bidder or request information

about the Bidder from third parties (such as requesting a credit review from a bank).

Such information will be processed and kept confi dential by the Company. However,

relevant information may be provided to the Company, its divisions, affiliates,

subsidiaries or parent, or China Guardian, its divisions, affiliates, subsidiaries or

parent in order to assist the Company in providing excellent services to Bidders,

carrying out client analyses, or providing services that satisfy the requirements of

Bidders. For the benefi t of the Bidder, the Company may also be required to provide

certain personal information of the Bidder to third party service providers (such as

shipping companies or warehousing companies). By participating in the auction by

the Company, the Bidder indicates that he or she consents to the foregoing. If the

Bidder wishes to obtain or amend his or her personal information, he or she is asked

to contact the customer service department.

Article 35 Copyright

The Seller authorizes the Company to produce photos, illustrations, a catalogue, or

other form of video recording of, and publicity materials for, any Auction Property

that he or she has consigned to the Company for auction, and the Company enjoys

the copyrights therein, and has the right to use the same in accordance with the law.

Without the prior written consent of the Company, neither the Buyer nor anyone else

may use the same. Neither the Company nor the Seller gives any representations or

warranties as to whether the Auction Property is subject to copyright or whether the

Buyer secures any copyright in the Auction Property.

Article 36 Notices

The Bidder and the Buyer shall inform the Company of their fixed and valid

correspondence address and contact information by the method specifi ed in the

bidding registration documents or other method approved by the Company. In the

event of a change, the Company shall be promptly informed thereof in writing.

The notices mentioned herein only refer to written notices sent by post, by email, by

fax or by the Company’s mobile app (“Mobile App”). A notice shall be deemed as

served at the following times:

1. If served by hand, at the time it reaches the address of the relevant Party;

2. If by post, the seventh day after it is posted;

3. If by fax, when transmission is confi rmed by the sending fax machine;

4. If by email, when delivery is confi rmed by the email record;

5. A notice sent by the Company through Mobile App shall be deemed to be

received by the Bidder and the Buyer on the date when it is delivered.

Article 37 Severability

If any provision or part hereof is found invalid, unlawful or unenforceable for any

reason, the other provisions and parts hereof shall remain valid, and the relevant

parties shall abide by and perform the same.

Article 38 Laws and Jurisdiction

(1) These Conditions and related matters, transactions and any disputes arising

from, or in connection with, participation in the auction conducted by the

Company pursuant hereto shall be governed by, and construed in accordance

with, the laws of Hong Kong.

(2) Subject to Article 38.3 below, the Hong Kong courts have exclusive jurisdiction

to settle any disputes arising out of or in connection with any auctions

conducted by the Company (the “Disputes”). All of the Company, the Buyer

and the Bidder agree that the Hong Kong courts are the most appropriate and

convenient courts to settle the Disputes and accordingly no party will object to

submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of Hong Kong courts.

(3) This Article 38.3 is for the benefi t of the Company only. The Company shall not

be prevented from taking any proceedings relating to the Disputes in any other

courts with jurisdiction. To the extent allowed by law, the Company may take

concurrent proceedings in any number of jurisdictions.

Article 39 Language

The Chinese language version hereof shall be the governing version and the English

language version shall be for reference only.

In the event of a discrepancy between the English language version and the Chinese

language version, the Chinese language version shall prevail.

Article 40 Ownership of Copyright in the Conditions

These Conditions are formulated and shall be revised by the Company, and the

relevant copyrights shall vest in the Company. Without the prior written permission

of the Company, no one may use these Conditions in any manner or way to obtain

commercial benefits, and may not take copies of, communicate or store in any

searchable system any part hereof.

Article 41 Term of Applicability

These Conditions shall apply solely to the upcoming auction. The Company

may update these Conditions from time to time. When the Bidder and the Buyer

participate in another auction, then applicable Conditions of Business for Buyers

shall prevail.

Article 42 Right of Interpretation

During routine performance hereof, the right to interpret these Conditions shall be

exercised by the Company. In the event of a legal dispute between the Buyer and

the Company, the right of interpreting these Conditions, when resolving the dispute,

shall be exercised by the competent court.

Date of this version: 11th May 2022

Address of the Company: 5th Floor, Tower One, Lippo Centre, 89 Queensway, Hong

Kong

第198頁

古典家具

喬晧

梅杰

孫彥敏

楊閱川

張笑蓮

cf@cguardian.com.hk

亞洲二十世紀(jì)及當(dāng)代藝術(shù)

陳沛岑

胡笛

陳藝文

冼清嵐

鄭敬文

cca@cguardian.com.hk

市場拓展

符穎錚

林欣

馮耀忠

戴宏翰

pr@cguardian.com.hk

珠寶鐘錶尚品

劉瀟

唐利偉

李婭軍

陳丹嫣

柴瑩瑩

陳豫曦

jw@cguardian.com.hk

公司信息

香港金鐘道89號

力寶中心一座五樓

電話: +852 2815 2269

傳真: +852 2815 6590

郵箱: hkauction@cguardian.com.hk

財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)算

楊幗瑩

陳雙綱

馮建馨

fi nance@cguardian.com.hk

中國書畫

郭彤

戴維

欒靜莉

周明照

胡瑩

陳瑜

成野

馬荔杉

cpc@cguardian.com.hk

瓷器工藝品

王晶

傅麗葉

孫維詩

張叢輝

朱洛瑤

woa@cguardian.com.hk

物流倉管

許翠紅

方傲惇

林賢藝

陳德航

彭永彥

黃偉明

黃健程

logistics@cguardian.com.hk

中國嘉德(香港)國際拍賣有限公司

客戶服務(wù)

江麗嫻

鄭琬霖

馬愷汶

黃翠瑩

hkauction@cguardian.com.hk

公司管理層

董事長:王雁南

董事總裁:胡妍妍

副總裁及財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān):陳益鋒

北京總公司

中國嘉德國際拍賣有限公司

北京市東城區(qū)王府井大街1號

嘉德藝術(shù)中心三層

郵編: 100006

電話: +86 10 8592 8288

傳真: +86 10 8592 8289

郵箱: mail@cguardian.com

總公司?分支機(jī)構(gòu)

上海辦事處

林霞 李丫涯 蘇波

上海市淮海中路999號上海環(huán)貿(mào)廣場一期2204-05室

郵編: 200031

電話: +86 21 5466 0508

傳真: +86 21 5466 0533

郵箱: shoffi ce@cguardian.com

廣州辦事處

巫海英 關(guān)海珊

廣州市天河區(qū)天河路385號太古匯一座3002室

郵編: 510620

電話: +86 20 3808 8589

傳真: +86 20 3808 8126

郵箱: gzoffi ce@cguardian.com

南京辦事處

張玲

南京市玄武區(qū)中山路18號德基廣場二期寫字樓2106室

郵編:210005

電話:+86 25 8670 2356

郵箱:njoffi ce@cguardian.com

杭州辦事處

劉子楦

杭州市江乾區(qū)解放東路45號高德置地廣場A樓中塔1208室

郵編:310016

電話:+86 571 8535 9925

郵箱:hzoffi ce@cguardian.com

臺灣辦事處

鄒積瑋 蘇艷秋 陳穎

臺北市信義區(qū)基隆路1段333號12樓1206室

郵編: 110

電話: +886 2 2757 6228

傳真: +886 2 2757 6545

郵箱: twoffi ce@cguardian.com.tw

日本辦事處

原川雅貴子 尾川朱実

〒100-0011東京千代田區(qū)內(nèi)幸町1-1-1帝國酒店大樓5樓509室

郵編: 100-0011

電話: +81 3 6206 6682

傳真: +81 3 6206 6683

郵箱: jpoffi ce@cguardian.com

美國辦事處

楊樂陶 涂娉婷

505 Park Ave., 4th Fl., New York, NY10022, U.S.A.

電話: +1 212 308 8889

+1 888 799 8830

傳真: +1 212 308 8877

郵箱: usoffi ce@cguardian.com

第199頁

CHINA GUARDIAN (HONG KONG) AUCTIONS CO., LTD.

BEIJING HEADQUARTERS

China Guardian Auctions Co., Ltd.

3/F, Guardian Art Center, No.1 Wangfujing Street,

Dongcheng District, Beijing 100006, China

Tel: +86 10 8592 8288

Fax: +86 10 8592 8289

Email: mail@cguardian.com

BEIJING HEADQUARTERS

?OVERSEAS OFFICES

Shanghai Offi ce

Aileen Lin, Enya Li, Su Bo

Room 2204-2205, Tower 1, Shanghai ICC,

No.999 Middle Huai Hai Road,

Shanghai 200031, China

Tel: +86 21 5466 0508

Fax: +86 21 5466 0533

Email: shoffice@cguardian.com

Guangzhou Offi ce

Frances Wu, Guan Haishan

Suite 3002, Taikoo Hui Tower 1,

385 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District,

Guangzhou 510620, China

Tel: +86 20 3808 8589

Fax: +86 20 3808 8126

Email: gzoffice@cguardian.com

Nanjing Offi ce

Zhang Ling

Room 2106, 21/F Office Building of Deji Plaza,

No.18 Zhongshan Road,

Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210005, China

Tel: +86 25 8670 2356

Email: njoffice@cguardian.com

Hangzhou Offi ce

Liu Zixuan

Room 1208, Middle Tower of Building A,

GT Land Plaza, No. 45 East Jiefang Road,

Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China

Tel: +86 571 8535 9925

Email: hzoffice@cguardian.com

Taiwan Offi ce

Lisa Tsou, Belle Su, Cheny Chen

Suite 1206, 12/F, 333 Keelung Road, Sec. 1,

Xinyi District, Taipei 110, Taiwan

Tel: +886 2 2757 6228

Fax: +886 2 2757 6545

Email: twoffice@cguardian.com.tw

Japan Offi ce

Harakawa Akiko, Akemi Ogawa

Room 509, 5/F, Imperial Hotel, 1-1-1 Uchisaiwaicho,

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0011, Japan

Tel: +81 3 6206 6682

Fax: +81 3 6206 6683

Email: jpoffice@cguardian.com

USA Offi ce

Kristina Yang, Penny Tu

505 Park Ave., 4th Fl., New York, NY10022, U.S.A.

Tel: +1 212 308 8889

+1 888 799 8830

Fax: +1 212 308 8877

Email: usoffice@cguardian.com

Marketing

Lya Fu

Claudia Lam

Jimmy Fung

Jason Tai

pr@cguardian.com.hk

Asian 20th Century and Contemporary Art

Vita Chen

Rebecca Hu

Even Chen

Katrina Xian

Jane Zheng

cca@cguardian.com.hk

Classical Chinese Furniture

Qiao Hao

Mei Jie

Sun Yanmin

Yang Yuechuan

Lilian Zhang

cf@cguardian.com.hk

Jewellery, Watches and Luxury Goods

Georgina Liu

Tang Liwei

Summer Li

Ashley Chen

Chai Yingying

Liat Chan

jw@cguardian.com.hk

COMPANY INFORMATION

5/F, Tower One, Lippo Centre,

89 Queensway, Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2815 2269

Fax: +852 2815 6590

Email: hkauction@cguardian.com.hk

Finance

Nicole Yeung

Summy Chen

Annie Fung

finance@cguardian.com.hk

Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy

Guo Tong

Dai Wei

Luan Jingli

Zhou Mingzhao

Hu Ying

Vivien Chen

Fiona Cheng

Melissa Ma

cpc@cguardian.com.hk

Ceramics and Works of Art

Wang Jing

Freya Fu

Esther Sun

John Chong

Natalie Che

woa@cguardian.com.hk

Logistics

Bell Hui

Jacky Fong

Lin Yin Ngai

Louis Chan

Aarco Pang

Jason Wong

Daniel Wong

logistics@cguardian.com.hk

Client Services

Judy Kong

Yvonnie Cheng

Psyche Ma

Grace Wong

hkauction@cguardian.com.hk

EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

Chairman: Wang Yannan

President: Hu Yanyan

Vice President & Finance Director: Chen Yifeng

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