英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第1頁(yè)

Text1

Ⅰ ? Unlike so-called basic

emotionssuch as sadness,fear,and

anger,guiltemergesalittlelater,in

conjunctionwithachild?sgrowinggrasp

ofsocialand moralnorms.?Children

aren?tbornknowinghowtosay “I?m

sorry”;rather,theylearnovertime

thatsuchstatementsappeaseparents

andfriends—andtheirownconsciences.

? Thisis whyresearchers generally

regardso-called moralguilt,inthe

rightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Ⅱ ?Inthepopularimagination,of

course,guiltstillgetsabadrap.?Itis

deeplyuncomfortable—it?stheemotional

equivalent of wearing a jacket

weighted with stones. ? Yet this

understandingisoutdated.? “There

has been a kind of revival or a

rethinking about what guiltis and

what role guilt can serve,” says

Amrisha Vaish, a psychology

researcher at the University of

Virginia,addingthatthisrevivalis

partofalargerrecognitionthatemotions

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第2頁(yè)

aren?t binary—feelings that may be

advantageousin one context may be

harmfulin another. ? Jealousy and

anger,forexample,mayhaveevolved

toalertustoimportantinequalities.

? Too much happiness can be

destructive.

Ⅲ ?Andguilt,bypromptingus

to think more deeply about our

goodness,canencouragehumansto

make up for errors and fix

relationships. ? Guilt, in other

words,can help hold acooperative

speciestogether. ?Itisa kind of

socialglue.

Ⅳ ?Viewedinthislight,guiltis

an opportunity. ? Work by Tina

Malti,apsychologyprofessoratthe

UniversityofToronto,suggeststhat

guiltmaycompensateforanemotional

deficiency.?Inanumberofstudies,

Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferent

pathwaystocooperationandsharing.

?Somekidswhoarelowinsympathy

may make upforthatshortfallby

experiencing more guilt,which can

reinintheirnastierimpulses.?And

vice versa: High sympathy can

substituteforlowguilt.

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第3頁(yè)

Ⅴ ?Ina2014study,forexample,

Maltilookedat244children.?Using

caregiver assessments and the

children?sself-observations,sherated

eachchild?soverallsympathyleveland

hisorhertendencytofeelnegative

emotionsafter moraltransgressions.

? Then the kids were handed

chocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharethem withananonymouschild.

?Forthelow-sympathy kids,how

muchtheysharedappearedtoturnon

howinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.

?Theguilt-proneonesshared more,

even though they hadn?t magically

becomemoresympathetictotheother

child?sdeprivation.

Ⅵ ?“That?sgoodnews,”Malti

says.?“Wecanbeprosocialbecause

wecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp

.

[A]regulateachild?sbasicemotions

[B]improveachild?sintellectualability

[C]intensifyachild?spositivefeelings

[D]fosterachild?smoraldevelopment

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第4頁(yè)

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe

.

[A]deceptive

[B]addictive

[C]burdensome

[D]inexcusable

23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawareness

that .

[A]anemotioncanplayopposingroles

[B]emotionsaresociallyconstructive

[C]emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

[D]emotionsarecontext-independent

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing .

[A]mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

[B]canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

[C]canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

[D]maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第5頁(yè)

25.Theword“transgressions”(Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto .

[A]wrongdoings

[B]discussions

[C]restrictions

[D]teachings

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第6頁(yè)

Text2

Ⅰ ?Forestsgiveusshade,quiet

andoneoftheharderchallengesinthe

fightagainstclimatechange.?Even

aswehumanscountonforeststosoak

upagoodshareofthecarbondioxide

weproduce,wearethreateningtheir

abilitytodoso.?Theclimatechange

wearehasteningcouldonedayleave

uswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb.

Ⅱ ?Thankfully,thereisaway

out of this trap—but it involves

strikingasubtlebalance.? Helping

forestsflourish as valuable “carbon

sinks”longintothefuturemayrequire

reducing their capacity to absorb

carbonnow. ? Californiaisleading

theway,asitdoesonsomanyclimate

efforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Ⅲ ?Thestate?sproposedForest

CarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortsto

thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushin

parts of the forest. ? This

temporarily lowers carbon-carrying

capacity.?Buttheremainingtrees

drawagreatershareoftheavailable

moisture,sotheygrow andthrive,

restoringtheforest?scapacitytopull

carbonfromtheair.?Healthytrees

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第7頁(yè)

arealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.

?Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasily

burnable.?Evenintheeventofa

fire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Ⅳ ?Theneedforsuchplanning

isincreasingly urgent. ? Already,

since2010,droughtandinsectshave

killed over 100 million trees in

California, most of them in 2016

alone, and wildfires have burned

hundredsofthousandsofacres.

Ⅴ ? Californiaplanstotreat

35,000acresofforestayearby2020,

and60,000 by2030—financedfrom

theproceedsofthestate?semissionspermit auctions. ? That?s only a

smallshareofthetotalacreagethat

could benefit,about half a million

acresin all,soit willbe vitalto

prioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffire

ordrought.

Ⅵ ?Thestrategyalsoaimsto

ensurethatcarboninwoody material

removedfrom theforestsislocked

awayintheform ofsolidlumberor

burned as biofuelin vehicles that

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.

? New research on transportation

biofuelsisalreadyunderway.

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第8頁(yè)

Ⅶ ?Stategovernmentsarewell

accustomedto managingforests,but

traditionally they?ve focused on

wildlife,watershedsandopportunities

forrecreation.? Onlyrecentlyhave

theycometoseethevitalpartforests

willhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.

?California?splan,whichisexpected

tobefinalizedbythegovernornext

year,shouldserveasamodel.

26.Bysaying “oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat

.

[A]forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

[B]peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

[C]extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

[D]globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

27.To maintainforestsasvaluable “carbonsinks,”we mayneedto

.

[A]lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

[B]acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第9頁(yè)

[C]strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

[D]preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

28.California?sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto .

[A]cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

[B]findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

[C]reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

[D]restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia?splanaccordingtoParagraph5?

[A]Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.

[B]Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.

[C]Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.

[D]Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第10頁(yè)

30.Theauthor?sattitudetoCalifornia?splancanbestbedescribedas

.

[A]ambiguous

[B]tolerant

[C]cautious

[D]supportive

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第11頁(yè)

Text3

Ⅰ ?Americanfarmershavebeen

complaining of labor shortages for

severalyears.?Thecomplaintsare

unlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulof

immigrationrulesforfarm workers.

Ⅱ ? Congress has obstructed

effortstocreateamorestraightforward

visaforagriculturalworkersthatwould

letforeignworkersstaylongerinthe

U.S.and changejobs within the

industry.?Ifthis doesn?tchange,

American businesses,communities,

andconsumerswillbethelosers.

Ⅲ ?PerhapshalfofU.S.farm

laborersareundocumentedimmigrants.

? Asfewersuch workersenterthe

country,the characteristics of the

agriculturalworkforcearechanging.

?Today?sfarmlaborers,whilestill

predominantly born in Mexico,are

morelikelytobesettledratherthan

migrating and more likely to be

marriedthansingle.? They?realso

aging.?Atthestartofthiscentury,

aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere

overtheageof35.?Now morethan

halfare.?Andpickingcropsishard

onolderbodies. ? Oneoft-debated

cureforthislaborshortageremainsas

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第12頁(yè)

implausible asit?s been all along:

NativeU.S.workerswon?tbereturning

tothefarm.

Ⅳ ? Mechanizationisn?tthe

answer,either—notyet,atleast.

?Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,

soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargely

mechanized, but many high-value,

labor-intensive crops, such as

strawberries, need labor. ? Even

dairyfarms,whererobotsdoasmall

shareofmilking,havealongwayto

gobeforethey?reautomated.

Ⅴ ?Asaresult,farmshavegrown

increasinglyreliantontemporaryguest

workersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthe

gapsin the workforce. ? Starting

around2012,requestsforthevisas

rosesharply;from 2011to2016the

number of visasissued more than

doubled.

Ⅵ ? The H-2A visa has no

numericalcap,unlikethe H-2Bvisa

for nonagricultural work, which is

limitedto66,000ayear.?Evenso,

employerscomplaintheyaren?tgiven

allthe workersthey need. ? The

processis cumbersome,expensive,

andunreliable.? Onesurveyfound

that bureaucratic delays led the

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第13頁(yè)

averageH-2A workertoarriveonthe

job22dayslate.?Theshortageis

compounded by federalimmigration

raids,which remove some workers

anddriveothersunderground.

Ⅶ ?Ina2012survey,71percent

oftree-fruitgrowersand almost80

percentofraisin and berry growers

saidtheywereshortoflabor.?Some

western farmers haveresponded by

movingoperationstoMexico.?From

1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruit

Americansconsumed wasimported.

?Littlemorethanadecadelater,the

shareofimportswas25.8percent.

Ⅷ ?Ineffect,the U.S.can

importfood or it can import the

workerswhopickit.

31. What problem should be addressed according to thefirsttwo

paragraphs?

[A]DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

[B]BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

[C]FlawsinU.S.immigrationrulesforfarm workers.

[D]DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第14頁(yè)

32.OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis .

[A]therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

[B]thehighmobilityofcropworkers

[C]thelackofexperiencedlaborers

[D]theagingofimmigrantfarm workers

33.Whatisthe much-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortagein U.S.

farming?

[A]Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarm work.

[B]TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.

[C]Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

[D]Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits .

[A]slowgrantingprocedures

[B]limitondurationofstay

[C]tightenedrequirements

[D]controlofannualadmissions

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第15頁(yè)

35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

[A]U.S.AgricultureinDecline?

[B]ImportFoodorLabor?

[C]AmericaSavedbyMexico?

[D]Manpowervs.Automation?

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第16頁(yè)

Text4

Ⅰ ? Arnold Schwarzenegger,

Dia Mirzaand AdrianGrenierhavea

messagefor you:It?seasyto beat

plastic.?They?repartofabunchof

celebritiesstarringinanewvideofor

WorldEnvironmentDay—encouraging

you,theconsumer,toswapoutyour

single-use plastic staplesto combat

theplasticscrisis.

Ⅱ ?Thekeymessagesthathave

been put together for World

EnvironmentDaydoincludeacallfor

governments to enactlegislation to

curb single-use plastics. ? Butthe

overarching message is directed at

individuals.

Ⅲ ?Myconcernwithleavingit

uptotheindividual,however,isour

limited sense of what needs to be

achieved.?Ontheirown,takingour

own bags to the grocery store or

quittingplasticstraws,forexample,

willaccomplishlittleandrequirevery

littleofus. ? Theycould even be

harmful,satisfying a need to have

“done our bit” without ever

progressingontobigger,bolder,more

effective actions—a kind of “moral

licensing”thateasesourconcernsand

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第17頁(yè)

stopsusdoing moreandasking more

ofthoseincharge.

Ⅳ ? While the conversation

around our environment and our

responsibility toward it remains

centered on shopping bags and

straws,we?reignoringthebalanceof

powerthatimpliesthatas“consumers”

wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas

“citizens”hold our governments and

industriestoaccountto pushforreal

systemicchange.

Ⅴ ?It?simportanttoacknowledge

thatthe environmentisn?t everyone?s

priority—oreven mostpeople?s.? We

shouldn?texpectittobe.?In her

latestbook,Why Good People Do

Bad Environmental Things,Elizabeth

R.DeSombrearguesthatthebestway

tocollectivelychangethebehaviorof

large numbers of peopleisforthe

changetobestructural.

Ⅵ ?Thismightmeanimplementing

policysuchasaplastictaxthataddsa

costto environmentally problematic

action,orbanningsingle-useplastics

altogether.?Indiahasjustannounced

itwill“eliminateallsingle-useplastic

inthecountryby2022.”?Thereare

alsoincentive-based waysof making

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第18頁(yè)

betterenvironmentalchoices easier,

suchasensuringrecyclingisatleast

aseasyastrashdisposal.

Ⅶ ?DeSombreisn?tsayingpeople

should stop caring about the

environment.?It?sjustthatindividual

actionsaretooslow,shesays,for

thattobetheonly,orevenprimary,

approach to changing widespread

behavior.

Ⅷ ?Noneofthisisaboutwriting

offtheindividual.?It?sjustabout

puttingthingsintoperspective.?We

don?thavetimeto wait.? Weneed

progressive policies that shape

collective action,alongside engaged

citizenspushingforchange.

36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto .

[A]demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics

[B]urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics

[C]invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis

[D]disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第19頁(yè)

37.Theauthorisconcernedthat“morallicensing”may .

[A]misleadusintodoingworthlessthings

[B]preventusfrom makingfurtherefforts

[C]weakenoursenseofaccomplishment

[D]suppressourdesireforsuccess

38.Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizens,”theauthorindicatesthat

.

[A]ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare

[B]ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving

[C]wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights

[D]weshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat

39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe

.

[A]awin-winarrangement

[B]aself-drivenmechanism

[C]acost-effectiveapproach

[D]atop-downprocess

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第20頁(yè)

40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts .

[A]canbetooaggressive

[B]canbetooinconsistent

[C]arefarfromsufficient

[D]arefarfromrational

英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第21頁(yè)

2019年閱讀單詞總結(jié)

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英語(yǔ)二真題閱讀手譯 第22頁(yè)

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