圖4 北宋 剔黑螭龍紋盒
?美國(guó)舊金山亞洲藝術(shù)博物館藏
Fig. 4 A carved black lacquer 'chi-dragon' box
and cover, Northern Song dynasty
?The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
圖5 宋 剔黑雙螭龍雲(yún)紋盒
?日本岡山市林原美術(shù)館藏
Fig. 5 A carved black and cinnabar
lacquer 'chi-dragons amongst clouds'
box and cover, Northern Song dynasty
?Hayashibara Museum of Art, Okayama,
Japan
圖6 宋 剔黑雙螭龍銜靈芝紋盒
?美國(guó)大都會(huì)博物館藏
Fig. 6 A carved black lacquer 'chidragon and lingzhi' box and cover,
Song dynasty
?The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
USA
1 浙江省文物考古研究所將考古研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在國(guó)際期
刊《Archaeometry》。
2 張榮，《中國(guó)古代雕漆的發(fā)展》,《文物天地》
2009年第3期。
3 上海博物館，《千文萬(wàn)華——中國(guó)歷代漆器藝術(shù)》
圖44，頁(yè)82。上海書(shū)畫(huà)出版社，2018年11月。
4 感謝溫州博物館吳顯軍老師提供幫助。
5 上海博物館，《千文萬(wàn)華——中國(guó)歷代漆器藝術(shù)》
圖62，頁(yè)104。上海書(shū)畫(huà)出版社，2018年11月。
此件宋代剔彩螭龍雲(yún)紋盤(pán)，雖為一例孤品，但從
器形看，宋代定窯、鈞窯皆有相同造型的盤(pán)；從
紋樣看，螭龍雲(yún)紋與故宮博物院收藏定窯盤(pán)（圖
3）、上海博物館收藏的剔紅螭龍紋盤(pán)（見(jiàn)圖1）
有異曲同工之妙。還有三件海外博物館收藏的
定為宋代剔黑漆盒的紋樣與該件剔彩漆盤(pán)的螭龍
紋、雲(yún)紋具有相同的時(shí)代風(fēng)格。第一件是美國(guó)舊
金山亞洲藝術(shù)博物館藏北宋剔黑螭龍紋盒（圖
4），兩條靈動(dòng)的螭龍?jiān)陔?yún)海中遨遊，螭龍形象
與宋代玉器紋樣也相同11。第二件是日本岡山市
林原美術(shù)館藏宋剔黑雙螭龍雲(yún)紋盒（圖5），此
盒通體施黑朱二色漆，黑漆雕成花紋，紋飾間露
朱漆素地。蓋面雙螭龍皆口銜靈芝，盒壁雕飾雲(yún)
紋一周12。第三件為歐文伉儷捐贈(zèng)，紐約大都會(huì)
博物館珍藏13，盒上所雕雙龍亦銜靈芝，周?chē)?/p>
雲(yún)繚繞，深色朱漆為地，而盒身立面與蓋同樣飾
以祥雲(yún)（圖6）。三件黑漆盒的造型皆相同，特
別是蓋的紋樣，都是蓋面及蓋壁紋樣為一體設(shè)
計(jì)，李經(jīng)澤先生稱(chēng)為「蓋連肩式」。是次保利香
港拍賣(mài)的宋代剔彩靈芝螭龍雲(yún)紋盤(pán)，器型雅致，
紋樣設(shè)計(jì)精妙，螭龍靈動(dòng)飄逸，歷經(jīng)千年，仍品
相完美，堪稱(chēng)宋代雕漆巔峰之作。
張榮
2023年9月8日
that, since the Xuande box was so perfectly crafted, it is very possible that carved
polychrome lacquer could have existed before the Xuande period. Though the
current dragon dish from the Lee family is not unearthed from an archeological
site, it is still a crucial piece of evidence to support my previous claim.
Song carved lacquer is adored by scholars and craftsmen in the past. As
mentioned in Ming scholar Zhang Yingwen’s Qing Micang ‘Song carved cinnabar
lacquer is usually made with gold or silver core. The finely carved and polished
object is usually applied with bright cinnabar, and the lacquer layer is thick and
strong. The relief depicting landscapes, figures, birds, and animals is almost like
a painting on paper. Again, in Xiushi Lu, the author mentioned that ’the products
of Song and Yuan dynasties are well polished to present round and smooth
edges.’ In Qing scholar Xie Kun’s Jinyu Suosui, ‘Song people made carved lacquer
dish, box, and other objects by carving through three levels of lacquer layers to
depict the scene like a painting. Surprisingly there are lacquerwares made with
gold core which should be imperial.’ A carved cinnabar lacquer ‘osmanthus’ box
and cover of the Song dynasty was recorded in Ming scholar Chen Jiru’s Nigu Lu.
The current dish is no doubt a unique piece, but its shape also appears on Ding
and Jun wares of the same period. Some of the finest Song ceramics where
the chi dragon is often depicted is produced in the Ding kilns. A Ding chilong
dish (fig.3) in the Palace Museum, Beijing, is highly comparable to the carved
cinnabar chilong dish in the Shanghai Museum collection (fig.1). Three carved
black lacquer boxes from overseas museum collections similarly decorated with
chilong have been published, but the colours on these boxes are somewhat
more muted. One of these examples is in the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
(fig.4). Two dragons depicted on the cover are shown amongst scrolling clouds,
and one of the dragons holds a three-headed lingzhi fungus in its mouth. The
manner in which these dragons are portrayed in is very similar to that of the chi
dragons on jade carving of the Song dynasty.11 Another box is in the Hayashibara
Art Museum in Okayama.12 This example is of a slightly different style to the
others in the group and is executed in black and red lacquer with the design
appearing in black against a red ground. Both dragons on the cover of this box
carry lingzhi fungi in their mouths. The sides of this box are decorated with a
band of clouds. A third box is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York, originally from the Florence and Herbert Irving Collection.13 Again, both
dragons carry lingzhi in their mouths and appear amongst scrolling clouds on a
126
Peak of Grandeur: A Fine Selection of Imperial Treasures
頤華：宮廷藝術(shù)珍品選粹
