第 51 卷 第 9 期 電力系統(tǒng)保護(hù)與控制 Vol.51 No.9
2023年5月1日 Power System Protection and Control May 1, 2023
DOI: 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.221346
不對稱故障下考慮光儲出力的最優(yōu)電壓支撐策略研究
陳凌彬,夏向陽,李 紅,廖一丁,郭 源,關(guān)維德
(長沙理工大學(xué)電氣與信息工程學(xué)院,湖南 長沙 410114)
摘要:電網(wǎng)發(fā)生不對稱故障會導(dǎo)致公共連接點(diǎn)(point of common coupling, PCC)電壓下降,嚴(yán)重情況下還存在切機(jī)
風(fēng)險。而傳統(tǒng)電壓支撐策略易受到機(jī)組出力影響,不能靈活支撐 PCC 電壓。針對上述問題,提出了一種不對稱故
障下考慮光儲出力的最優(yōu)電壓支撐策略。首先分析了不對稱故障下的電壓支撐原理,推導(dǎo)了電壓支撐方程。然后
基于上述方程,以并網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對 PCC 電壓的運(yùn)行要求為目標(biāo),考慮電流峰值和有功功率波動幅值為約束條件,得出
了理想的電壓支撐方案。進(jìn)一步根據(jù)光儲實(shí)際出力和理想的有功功率參考值,對光儲出力場景進(jìn)行分類。當(dāng)理想
的電流參考值無法滿足最優(yōu)解時,聯(lián)立電壓支撐方程和相應(yīng)約束方程,建立關(guān)于電流各分量的非線性方程組,可
解得最優(yōu)電流參考值。最后通過仿真驗(yàn)證了所提策略的有效性和靈活性。
關(guān)鍵詞:不對稱故障;光伏;儲能;電壓支撐;低壓穿越
An optimal voltage support strategy considering the photovoltaic and storage
output under asymmetric faults
CHEN Lingbin, XIA Xiangyang, LI Hong, LIAO Yiding, GUO Yuan, GUAN Weide
(School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China)
Abstract: Asymmetric faults in the power grid will lead to voltage drop at the point of common coupling (PCC), even
resulting in severe risk e.g. cutting machine. However, the traditional voltage support strategy is easily affected by the
output of the unit, and cannot flexibly support the PCC voltage. For the above problems, an optimal voltage support
strategy considering the photovoltaic and storage output under asymmetric faults is proposed. First, the principle of
voltage support under asymmetric fault is analyzed, and the voltage support equation is deduced. Then, based on the
above equation, taking the grid-connected standard's operating requirements for PCC voltage as the target, and
considering the current peak value and active power fluctuation amplitude as constraints, the ideal voltage support scheme
is obtained. Further, according to the actual output of photovoltaic and energy storage and the ideal reference value of
active power, the output scenarios of photovoltaic and energy storage are classified. When the ideal current reference
value cannot satisfy the optimal solution, the voltage support equation and the corresponding constraint equation are
combined to establish a nonlinear equation system about each component of the current, and the optimal current reference
value can be solved. Finally, the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed strategy are verified by simulation.
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51977014).
Key words: asymmetric fault; photovoltaic; energy storage; voltage support; low voltage ride through
0 引言
為實(shí)現(xiàn)“碳達(dá)峰,碳中和”目標(biāo),光伏大規(guī)模
接入電網(wǎng),但隨著光伏裝機(jī)容量的增大,其出力缺
陷給電網(wǎng)帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn),嚴(yán)重影響了電力系統(tǒng)的
可靠運(yùn)行[1-2]。而儲能作為解決光伏平滑接入和靈活
消納的有效手段,近年來也得到了迅速的發(fā)展。并
網(wǎng)變換器是光儲并網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備,它不僅在電網(wǎng)正
基金項目:國家自然科學(xué)基金項目資助(51977014)
常運(yùn)行時要保證系統(tǒng)可靠并網(wǎng),還應(yīng)該在電網(wǎng)故障
時具備主動支撐電網(wǎng)的能力[3-4],保證系統(tǒng)安全地進(jìn)
行故障穿越。不對稱故障是電網(wǎng)最常見的故障類型,
一旦發(fā)生,將對整個并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生較大的沖擊,會
造成輸出電流峰值增大、功率波動和 PCC 電壓跌
落[5-6]等不利影響。因此,研究不對稱故障下并網(wǎng)變
換器的控制策略具有重要意義。
早期研究主要針對有功功率波動、無功功率波
動和電流平衡進(jìn)行控制,常用的控制策略有瞬時有
功無功控制、平均有功無功控制、正序分量瞬時控